我试图编写一个shell脚本，当运行时，将设置一些环境变量，这些变量将在调用者的shell中保持设置。
setenv FOO foo
在csh/tcsh中，或
export FOO=foo
在sh/bash中只在脚本执行期间设置它。
我已经知道了
source myscript
将运行脚本的命令，而不是启动一个新的shell，这可能导致设置“调用者的”环境。
但问题是:
我希望这个脚本可以从bash或csh中调用。换句话说，我希望任何一个shell的用户都能够运行我的脚本，并更改他们的shell环境。因此，'source'对我来说不适用，因为运行csh的用户不能获取bash脚本的源代码，而运行bash的用户也不能获取csh脚本的源代码。
有没有合理的解决方案，不需要在脚本上编写和维护两个版本?
当前回答
我创建了一个解决方案使用管道，eval和信号。
parent() {
if [ -z "$G_EVAL_FD" ]; then
die 1 "Rode primeiro parent_setup no processo pai"
fi
if [ $(ppid) = "$$" ]; then
"$@"
else
kill -SIGUSR1 $$
echo "$@">&$G_EVAL_FD
fi
}
parent_setup() {
G_EVAL_FD=99
tempfile=$(mktemp -u)
mkfifo "$tempfile"
eval "exec $G_EVAL_FD<>'$tempfile'"
rm -f "$tempfile"
trap "read CMD <&$G_EVAL_FD; eval \"\$CMD\"" USR1
}
parent_setup #on parent shell context
( A=1 ); echo $A # prints nothing
( parent A=1 ); echo $A # prints 1
它可能适用于任何命令。
其他回答
从技术上讲，这是正确的——只有'eval'不会派生另一个shell。然而，从您试图在修改后的环境中运行的应用程序的角度来看，差异为零:子进程继承其父进程的环境，因此(修改后的)环境被传递给所有下行进程。
事实上，只要你在父程序/shell下运行，更改的环境变量就会“保持不变”。
If it is absolutely necessary for the environment variable to remain after the parent (Perl or shell) has exited, it is necessary for the parent shell to do the heavy lifting. One method I've seen in the documentation is for the current script to spawn an executable file with the necessary 'export' language, and then trick the parent shell into executing it -- always being cognizant of the fact that you need to preface the command with 'source' if you're trying to leave a non-volatile version of the modified environment behind. A Kluge at best.
The second method is to modify the script that initiates the shell environment (.bashrc or whatever) to contain the modified parameter. This can be dangerous -- if you hose up the initialization script it may make your shell unavailable the next time it tries to launch. There are plenty of tools for modifying the current shell; by affixing the necessary tweaks to the 'launcher' you effectively push those changes forward as well. Generally not a good idea; if you only need the environment changes for a particular application suite, you'll have to go back and return the shell launch script to its pristine state (using vi or whatever) afterwards.
简而言之，没有好的(简单的)方法。想必这很难确保系统的安全性不会受到不可挽回的损害。
Another option is to use "Environment Modules" (http://modules.sourceforge.net/). This unfortunately introduces a third language into the mix. You define the environment with the language of Tcl, but there are a few handy commands for typical modifications (prepend vs. append vs set). You will also need to have environment modules installed. You can then use module load *XXX* to name the environment you want. The module command is basically a fancy alias for the eval mechanism described above by Thomas Kammeyer. The main advantage here is that you can maintain the environment in one language and rely on "Environment Modules" to translate it to sh, ksh, bash, csh, tcsh, zsh, python (?!?!!), etc.
简短的回答是否定的，您不能更改父进程的环境，但似乎您想要的是一个具有自定义环境变量和用户选择的shell的环境。
所以为什么不简单地
#!/usr/bin/env bash
FOO=foo $SHELL
然后，当您完成环境时，只需退出。
在我的.bash_profile我有:
# No Proxy
function noproxy
{
/usr/local/sbin/noproxy #turn off proxy server
unset http_proxy HTTP_PROXY https_proxy HTTPs_PROXY
}
# Proxy
function setproxy
{
sh /usr/local/sbin/proxyon #turn on proxy server
http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:8118/
HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
https_proxy=$http_proxy
HTTPS_PROXY=$https_proxy
export http_proxy https_proxy HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY
}
当我想禁用代理时， 函数在登录shell中运行并设置变量 正如预期和希望的那样。
另一个我没有提到的解决方法是将变量值写入文件。
我遇到了一个非常相似的问题，我希望能够运行最后一个集测试(而不是所有的测试)。我的第一个计划是编写一个命令来设置env变量TESTCASE，然后使用另一个命令来运行测试。不用说，我和你有同样的问题。
但后来我想到了这个简单的方法:
第一个命令(testset):
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -eq 1 ]
then
echo $1 > ~/.TESTCASE
echo "TESTCASE has been set to: $1"
else
echo "Come again?"
fi
第二个命令(testrun):
#!/bin/bash
TESTCASE=$(cat ~/.TESTCASE)
drush test-run $TESTCASE
