从技术上讲，这是正确的——只有'eval'不会派生另一个shell。然而，从您试图在修改后的环境中运行的应用程序的角度来看，差异为零:子进程继承其父进程的环境，因此(修改后的)环境被传递给所有下行进程。

事实上，只要你在父程序/shell下运行，更改的环境变量就会“保持不变”。

If it is absolutely necessary for the environment variable to remain after the parent (Perl or shell) has exited, it is necessary for the parent shell to do the heavy lifting. One method I've seen in the documentation is for the current script to spawn an executable file with the necessary 'export' language, and then trick the parent shell into executing it -- always being cognizant of the fact that you need to preface the command with 'source' if you're trying to leave a non-volatile version of the modified environment behind. A Kluge at best.

The second method is to modify the script that initiates the shell environment (.bashrc or whatever) to contain the modified parameter. This can be dangerous -- if you hose up the initialization script it may make your shell unavailable the next time it tries to launch. There are plenty of tools for modifying the current shell; by affixing the necessary tweaks to the 'launcher' you effectively push those changes forward as well. Generally not a good idea; if you only need the environment changes for a particular application suite, you'll have to go back and return the shell launch script to its pristine state (using vi or whatever) afterwards.

简而言之，没有好的(简单的)方法。想必这很难确保系统的安全性不会受到不可挽回的损害。

我创建了一个解决方案使用管道，eval和信号。

parent() {
    if [ -z "$G_EVAL_FD" ]; then
            die 1 "Rode primeiro parent_setup no processo pai"
    fi
    if [ $(ppid) = "$$" ]; then
            "$@"
    else
            kill -SIGUSR1 $$
            echo "$@">&$G_EVAL_FD
    fi
}
parent_setup() {
    G_EVAL_FD=99
    tempfile=$(mktemp -u)
    mkfifo "$tempfile"
    eval "exec $G_EVAL_FD<>'$tempfile'"
    rm -f "$tempfile"
    trap "read CMD <&$G_EVAL_FD; eval \"\$CMD\"" USR1
}
parent_setup #on parent shell context
( A=1 ); echo $A # prints nothing
( parent A=1 ); echo $A # prints 1

它可能适用于任何命令。

从技术上讲，这是正确的——只有'eval'不会派生另一个shell。然而，从您试图在修改后的环境中运行的应用程序的角度来看，差异为零:子进程继承其父进程的环境，因此(修改后的)环境被传递给所有下行进程。

事实上，只要你在父程序/shell下运行，更改的环境变量就会“保持不变”。

If it is absolutely necessary for the environment variable to remain after the parent (Perl or shell) has exited, it is necessary for the parent shell to do the heavy lifting. One method I've seen in the documentation is for the current script to spawn an executable file with the necessary 'export' language, and then trick the parent shell into executing it -- always being cognizant of the fact that you need to preface the command with 'source' if you're trying to leave a non-volatile version of the modified environment behind. A Kluge at best.

The second method is to modify the script that initiates the shell environment (.bashrc or whatever) to contain the modified parameter. This can be dangerous -- if you hose up the initialization script it may make your shell unavailable the next time it tries to launch. There are plenty of tools for modifying the current shell; by affixing the necessary tweaks to the 'launcher' you effectively push those changes forward as well. Generally not a good idea; if you only need the environment changes for a particular application suite, you'll have to go back and return the shell launch script to its pristine state (using vi or whatever) afterwards.

简而言之，没有好的(简单的)方法。想必这很难确保系统的安全性不会受到不可挽回的损害。

您应该使用模块，参见http://modules.sourceforge.net/

编辑:模块包自2012年以来没有更新，但仍然可以正常工作。所有的新功能，铃声和口哨都发生在今天的lmod(我更喜欢它):https://www.tacc.utexas.edu/research-development/tacc-projects/lmod

你可以使用别名

alias your_env='source ~/scripts/your_env.sh'

我很多年前就这么做了。如果我没记错的话，我在.bashrc和.cshrc中都包含了一个别名，并带了参数，以别名形式将环境设置为公共形式。

然后，您将在这两个shell中的任何一个中获取的脚本都具有带有最后一种形式的命令，该命令适用于在每个shell中使用别名。

如果我找到具体的化名，我会公布的。