The copy constructor is used to initialize the new object with the previously created object of the same class. By default compiler wrote a shallow copy. Shallow copy works fine when dynamic memory allocation is not involved because when dynamic memory allocation is involved then both objects will points towards the same memory location in a heap, Therefore to remove this problem we wrote deep copy so both objects have their own copy of attributes in a memory. In order to read the details with complete examples and explanations you could see the article C++ constructors.

除了上述所有定义之外，还有一个最常用的深度复制，位于类的复制构造函数(或重载赋值操作符)中。

浅复制——>是当你没有提供复制构造函数时。在这里，只复制对象，但不复制类的所有成员。

深度复制——>是当您决定在类中实现复制构造函数或重载赋值，并允许复制类的所有成员时。

MyClass& MyClass(const MyClass& obj) // copy constructor for MyClass
{
          // write your code, to copy all the members and return the new object
}
MyClass& operator=(const MyClass& obj) // overloading assignment operator,
{
          // write your code, to copy all the members and return the new object
}

char * Source = "Hello, world.";

char * ShallowCopy = Source;    

char * DeepCopy = new char(strlen(Source)+1);
strcpy(DeepCopy,Source);        

“ShallowCopy”指向与“Source”相同的内存位置。 “DeepCopy”指向内存中的不同位置，但内容是相同的。

为了便于理解，你可以参考这篇文章: https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~scottm/cs307/handouts/deepCopying.htm

浅拷贝:

深拷贝:

广度vs深度;从引用树的角度考虑，将对象作为根节点。

浅:

变量A和B指的是不同的内存区域，当B被分配给A时，这两个变量指的是相同的内存区域。后来对其中一个内容的修改立即反映在另一个的内容中，因为它们共享内容。

深:

变量A和B指的是不同的内存区域，当B被分配给A时，A所指向的内存区域中的值被复制到B所指向的内存区域。后来对其中一项内容的修改仍为A或B所独有;内容不共享。

我想给出一个例子，而不是正式的定义。

var originalObject = { 
    a : 1, 
    b : 2, 
    c : 3,
};

这段代码显示了一个浅拷贝:

var copyObject1 = originalObject;

console.log(copyObject1.a);         // it will print 1 
console.log(originalObject.a);       // it will also print 1 
copyObject1.a = 4; 
console.log(copyObject1.a);           //now it will print 4 
console.log(originalObject.a);       // now it will also print 4

var copyObject2 = Object.assign({}, originalObject);

console.log(copyObject2.a);        // it will print 1 
console.log(originalObject.a);      // it will also print 1 
copyObject2.a = 4; 
console.log(copyObject2.a);        // now it will print 4 
console.log(originalObject.a);      // now it will print 1

这段代码显示了一个深度拷贝:

var copyObject2 = Object.assign({}, originalObject);

console.log(copyObject2.a);        // it will print 1 
console.log(originalObject.a);      // it will also print 1 
copyObject2.a = 4; 
console.log(copyObject2.a);        // now it will print 4 
console.log(originalObject.a);      // !! now it will print 1 !!