这是我自己对单例对象的实现。你所要做的就是布置课堂;为了获得单例，你必须使用Instance方法。这里有一个例子:

@Singleton
class Foo:
   def __init__(self):
       print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码:

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be
    inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply
    to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

作为Python的新手，我不确定最常见的习语是什么，但我能想到的最简单的事情就是使用模块而不是类。类中的实例方法变成了模块中的函数，任何数据都变成了模块中的变量，而不是类的成员。我怀疑这是解决人们使用单例对象的问题的python方法。

如果你真的想要一个单例类，有一个合理的实现描述在谷歌的第一个点击“Python singleton”，具体地说:

class Singleton:
    __single = None
    def __init__( self ):
        if Singleton.__single:
            raise Singleton.__single
        Singleton.__single = self

这似乎奏效了。

好吧，我知道，单胞胎可能是好的，也可能是坏的。这是我的实现，我只是扩展了一个经典的方法，在里面引入一个缓存，并产生许多不同类型的实例，或者许多相同类型的实例，但具有不同的参数。

我称它为Singleton_group，因为它将相似的实例分组在一起，并防止创建具有相同参数的相同类的对象:

# Peppelinux's cached singleton
class Singleton_group(object):
    __instances_args_dict = {}
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        if not cls.__instances_args_dict.get((cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs))):
            cls.__instances_args_dict[(cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs))] = super(Singleton_group, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
        return cls.__instances_args_dict.get((cls.__name__, args, str(kwargs)))


# It's a dummy real world use example:
class test(Singleton_group):
    def __init__(self, salute):
        self.salute = salute

a = test('bye')
b = test('hi')
c = test('bye')
d = test('hi')
e = test('goodbye')
f = test('goodbye')

id(a)
3070148780L

id(b)
3070148908L

id(c)
3070148780L

b == d
True


b._Singleton_group__instances_args_dict

{('test', ('bye',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec0ac>,
 ('test', ('goodbye',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec32c>,
 ('test', ('hi',), '{}'): <__main__.test object at 0xb6fec12c>}

每个对象都携带单例缓存…这可能是邪恶的，但对一些人来说很有用:)

我认为强制一个类或实例为单例是多余的。就我个人而言，我喜欢定义一个普通的可实例化类、一个半私有引用和一个简单的工厂函数。

class NothingSpecial:
    pass

_the_one_and_only = None

def TheOneAndOnly():
    global _the_one_and_only
    if not _the_one_and_only:
        _the_one_and_only = NothingSpecial()
    return _the_one_and_only

或者如果在模块第一次导入时实例化没有问题:

class NothingSpecial:
    pass

THE_ONE_AND_ONLY = NothingSpecial()

通过这种方式，您可以针对新的实例编写测试，而不会产生副作用，并且不需要在模块中添加全局语句，如果需要，您可以在将来派生变体。

这是我自己对单例对象的实现。你所要做的就是布置课堂;为了获得单例，你必须使用Instance方法。这里有一个例子:

@Singleton
class Foo:
   def __init__(self):
       print 'Foo created'

f = Foo() # Error, this isn't how you get the instance of a singleton

f = Foo.instance() # Good. Being explicit is in line with the Python Zen
g = Foo.instance() # Returns already created instance

print f is g # True

下面是代码:

class Singleton:
    """
    A non-thread-safe helper class to ease implementing singletons.
    This should be used as a decorator -- not a metaclass -- to the
    class that should be a singleton.

    The decorated class can define one `__init__` function that
    takes only the `self` argument. Also, the decorated class cannot be
    inherited from. Other than that, there are no restrictions that apply
    to the decorated class.

    To get the singleton instance, use the `instance` method. Trying
    to use `__call__` will result in a `TypeError` being raised.

    """

    def __init__(self, decorated):
        self._decorated = decorated

    def instance(self):
        """
        Returns the singleton instance. Upon its first call, it creates a
        new instance of the decorated class and calls its `__init__` method.
        On all subsequent calls, the already created instance is returned.

        """
        try:
            return self._instance
        except AttributeError:
            self._instance = self._decorated()
            return self._instance

    def __call__(self):
        raise TypeError('Singletons must be accessed through `instance()`.')

    def __instancecheck__(self, inst):
        return isinstance(inst, self._decorated)

辛格尔顿同父异母的兄弟

我完全同意staale的观点，我在这里留下了一个创建单胎同父异母兄弟的例子:

class void:pass
a = void();
a.__class__ = Singleton

即使看起来不像单例，A现在也会报告为与单例属于同一个类。因此，使用复杂类的单例最终依赖于我们没有过多地干扰它们。

因此，我们可以使用更简单的东西，如变量或模块，以达到同样的效果。尽管如此，如果我们想要使用类来明确，并且因为在Python中类是一个对象，所以我们已经有了对象(不是实例，但它会像)。

class Singleton:
    def __new__(cls): raise AssertionError # Singletons can't have instances

如果我们尝试创建一个实例，我们会有一个很好的断言错误，我们可以在派生上存储静态成员，并在运行时对它们进行更改(我喜欢Python)。这个对象和其他同父异母的兄弟一样好(如果你愿意，你仍然可以创建它们)，但是由于简单，它往往会运行得更快。