这是可以做到的。 一个简单的代码:

class test
{
   constructor ()
   {
      return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) => { resolve(this); });
   }
   doHello() {console.log("hello");}
}
async function main()
{
   let t = await new test(); //invoking synchronously
   t.doHello(); //t is not a pormise
}
main();

或与上面相同，但添加了实际延迟，使用setTimeout

class test
{
   constructor ()
   {
      return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) =>
      {
         setTimeout (resolve, 5, this);
      });
   }
   doHello() {console.log("hello");}
}
async function main()
{  
   let t = new test(); //now t is a promise
   t.then((a)=>{ a.doHello();}); //a is the real reference to test instance
   console.log("testing"); //"testing" will be printed 5 seconds before "hello"
}
main();

这里是我在现实生活中的一段代码，使用异步图像加载:

class HeightMap extends GlVAObject
{
   #vertices = [];
   constructor (src, crossOrigin = "")
   {
      //super(theContextSetup);
      let image = new Image();
      image.src = src;
      image.crossOrigin = crossOrigin;
      return new Promise ( (resolve, reject) =>
         {
            image.addEventListener('load',  () =>
            {
               //reading pixel values from image into this.#vertices
               //and generate a heights map
               //...
               resolve(this);
            } );
         });
   }
///...
}
async function main()
{
   let vao = await new HeightMap ("./heightmaps/ArisonaCraterHeightMap.png");
///...
}
main();

权宜之计

你可以创建一个async init(){…返回this;}方法，然后执行new MyClass().init()，当你通常只说new MyClass()时。

这并不干净，因为它依赖于使用您的代码的每个人，以及您自己，总是像这样实例化对象。但是，如果您只在代码中的一两个特定位置使用该对象，则可能没有问题。

但是一个重要的问题出现了，因为ES没有类型系统，所以如果你忘记调用它，你只是返回了undefined，因为构造函数没有返回任何东西。哦。更好的做法是这样做:

最好的办法是:

class AsyncOnlyObject {
    constructor() {
    }
    async init() {
        this.someField = await this.calculateStuff();
    }

    async calculateStuff() {
        return 5;
    }
}

async function newAsync_AsyncOnlyObject() {
    return await new AsyncOnlyObject().init();
}

newAsync_AsyncOnlyObject().then(console.log);
// output: AsyncOnlyObject {someField: 5}

工厂方法解决方案(稍好)

然而，你可能会意外地做新的AsyncOnlyObject，你应该直接创建使用Object.create(AsyncOnlyObject.prototype)的工厂函数:

async function newAsync_AsyncOnlyObject() {
    return await Object.create(AsyncOnlyObject.prototype).init();
}

newAsync_AsyncOnlyObject().then(console.log);
// output: AsyncOnlyObject {someField: 5}

However say you want to use this pattern on many objects... you could abstract this as a decorator or something you (verbosely, ugh) call after defining like postProcess_makeAsyncInit(AsyncOnlyObject), but here I'm going to use extends because it sort of fits into subclass semantics (subclasses are parent class + extra, in that they should obey the design contract of the parent class, and may do additional things; an async subclass would be strange if the parent wasn't also async, because it could not be initialized the same way):

抽象解决方案(扩展/子类版本)

class AsyncObject {
    constructor() {
        throw new Error('classes descended from AsyncObject must be initialized as (await) TheClassName.anew(), rather than new TheClassName()');
    }

    static async anew(...args) {
        var R = Object.create(this.prototype);
        R.init(...args);
        return R;
    }
}

class MyObject extends AsyncObject {
    async init(x, y=5) {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
        // bonus: we need not return 'this'
    }
}

MyObject.anew('x').then(console.log);
// output: MyObject {x: "x", y: 5}

(不要在生产中使用:我没有考虑过复杂的场景，比如这是否是为关键字参数编写包装器的正确方式。)

你可以使用Proxy的构造句柄来做到这一点，代码如下:

const SomeClass = new Proxy(class A {
  constructor(user) {
    this.user = user;
  }
}, {
  async construct(target, args, newTarget) {
    const [name] = args;
    // you can use await in here
    const user = await fetch(name);
    // invoke new A here
    return new target(user);
  }
});

const a = await new SomeClass('cage');
console.log(a.user); // user info

你完全可以通过从构造函数返回一个立即调用的Async函数表达式来做到这一点。IIAFE是一个非常常见的模式，在顶级await可用之前，需要在异步函数之外使用await:

(async () => {
  await someFunction();
})();

我们将使用此模式立即在构造函数中执行async函数，并返回其结果如下:

// Sample async function to be used in the async constructor async function sleep(ms) { return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, ms)); } class AsyncConstructor { constructor(value) { return (async () => { // Call async functions here await sleep(500); this.value = value; // Constructors return `this` implicitly, but this is an IIFE, so // return `this` explicitly (else we'd return an empty object). return this; })(); } } (async () => { console.log('Constructing...'); const obj = await new AsyncConstructor(123); console.log('Done:', obj); })();

要实例化类，使用:

const instance = await new AsyncConstructor(...);

对于TypeScript，你需要断言构造函数的类型是类类型，而不是返回类类型的promise:

class AsyncConstructor {
  constructor(value) {
    return (async (): Promise<AsyncConstructor> => {
      // ...
      return this;
    })() as unknown as AsyncConstructor;  // <-- type assertion
  }
}

缺点

使用异步构造函数扩展类会有限制。如果需要在派生类的构造函数中调用super，则必须在没有await的情况下调用它。如果你需要使用await调用超级构造函数，你会遇到TypeScript错误2337:超级调用不允许在构造函数外部或构造函数内部的嵌套函数中调用。 有人认为让构造函数返回Promise是一种“坏习惯”。

在使用此解决方案之前，确定是否需要扩展类，并记录必须使用await调用构造函数。

构建器模式的变体，使用call():

function asyncMethod(arg) {
    function innerPromise() { return new Promise((...)=> {...}) }
    innerPromise().then(result => {
        this.setStuff(result);
    }
}

const getInstance = async (arg) => {
    let instance = new Instance();
    await asyncMethod.call(instance, arg);
    return instance;
}

其他答案都忽略了一个显而易见的事实。简单地从你的构造函数调用一个async函数:

constructor() {
    setContentAsync();
}

async setContentAsync() {
    let uid = this.getAttribute('data-uid')
    let message = await grabUID(uid)

    const shadowRoot = this.attachShadow({mode: 'open'})
    shadowRoot.innerHTML = `
      <div id="email">A random email message has appeared. ${message}</div>
    `
}