我有一系列的图片,我想从中创建一个视频。理想情况下,我可以为每帧指定帧持续时间,但固定的帧速率也可以。我在wxPython中这样做,所以我可以渲染到wxDC或我可以将图像保存到文件,如PNG。是否有一个Python库,将允许我创建一个视频(AVI, MPG等)或一个动画GIF从这些帧?

编辑:我已经尝试过PIL,它似乎不起作用。有人能用这个结论来纠正我吗?这个链接似乎支持我关于PIL的结论:http://www.somethinkodd.com/oddthinking/2005/12/06/python-imaging-library-pil-and-animated-gifs/


当前回答

我建议不要使用visvis的images2gif,因为它有PIL/Pillow的问题,并且没有积极维护(我应该知道,因为我是作者)。

相反,请使用imageio,它是为解决这个问题而开发的,并打算保留。

快速而肮脏的解决方案:

import imageio
images = []
for filename in filenames:
    images.append(imageio.imread(filename))
imageio.mimsave('/path/to/movie.gif', images)

对于较长的电影,使用流媒体方法:

import imageio
with imageio.get_writer('/path/to/movie.gif', mode='I') as writer:
    for filename in filenames:
        image = imageio.imread(filename)
        writer.append_data(image)

其他回答

下面是如何使用PIL (install with: pip install Pillow):

import glob
import contextlib
from PIL import Image

# filepaths
fp_in = "/path/to/image_*.png"
fp_out = "/path/to/image.gif"

# use exit stack to automatically close opened images
with contextlib.ExitStack() as stack:

    # lazily load images
    imgs = (stack.enter_context(Image.open(f))
            for f in sorted(glob.glob(fp_in)))

    # extract  first image from iterator
    img = next(imgs)

    # https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/handbook/image-file-formats.html#gif
    img.save(fp=fp_out, format='GIF', append_images=imgs,
             save_all=True, duration=200, loop=0)

查看文档:https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/stable/handbook/image-file-formats.html#gif

要创建视频,你可以使用opencv,

#load your frames
frames = ...
#create a video writer
writer = cvCreateVideoWriter(filename, -1, fps, frame_size, is_color=1)
#and write your frames in a loop if you want
cvWriteFrame(writer, frames[i])

正如上面提到的一个成员,imageio是一种很好的方法。imageio还允许你设置帧速率,我实际上用Python写了一个函数,允许你设置最后一帧的暂停。我将此函数用于科学动画,其中循环是有用的,但立即重新启动不是。下面是链接和函数:

如何使用Python制作GIF

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import os
import imageio

def gif_maker(gif_name,png_dir,gif_indx,num_gifs,dpi=90):
    # make png path if it doesn't exist already
    if not os.path.exists(png_dir):
        os.makedirs(png_dir)

    # save each .png for GIF
    # lower dpi gives a smaller, grainier GIF; higher dpi gives larger, clearer GIF
    plt.savefig(png_dir+'frame_'+str(gif_indx)+'_.png',dpi=dpi)
    plt.close('all') # comment this out if you're just updating the x,y data

    if gif_indx==num_gifs-1:
        # sort the .png files based on index used above
        images,image_file_names = [],[]
        for file_name in os.listdir(png_dir):
            if file_name.endswith('.png'):
                image_file_names.append(file_name)       
        sorted_files = sorted(image_file_names, key=lambda y: int(y.split('_')[1]))

        # define some GIF parameters

        frame_length = 0.5 # seconds between frames
        end_pause = 4 # seconds to stay on last frame
        # loop through files, join them to image array, and write to GIF called 'wind_turbine_dist.gif'
        for ii in range(0,len(sorted_files)):       
            file_path = os.path.join(png_dir, sorted_files[ii])
            if ii==len(sorted_files)-1:
                for jj in range(0,int(end_pause/frame_length)):
                    images.append(imageio.imread(file_path))
            else:
                images.append(imageio.imread(file_path))
        # the duration is the time spent on each image (1/duration is frame rate)
        imageio.mimsave(gif_name, images,'GIF',duration=frame_length)

老问题,有很多很好的答案,但可能仍然对另一种选择感兴趣……

我最近在github (https://github.com/WarrenWeckesser/numpngw)上发布的numpngw模块可以从numpy数组写入动画PNG文件。(更新:numpngw现在在pypi: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/numpngw。)

例如,这个脚本:

import numpy as np
import numpngw


img0 = np.zeros((64, 64, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
img0[:32, :32, :] = 255
img1 = np.zeros((64, 64, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
img1[32:, :32, 0] = 255
img2 = np.zeros((64, 64, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
img2[32:, 32:, 1] = 255
img3 = np.zeros((64, 64, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
img3[:32, 32:, 2] = 255
seq = [img0, img1, img2, img3]
for img in seq:
    img[16:-16, 16:-16] = 127
    img[0, :] = 127
    img[-1, :] = 127
    img[:, 0] = 127
    img[:, -1] = 127

numpngw.write_apng('foo.png', seq, delay=250, use_palette=True)

创建:

你需要一个支持动画PNG的浏览器(直接或带有插件)才能看到动画。

它不是一个python库,但mencoder可以做到这一点:从多个输入图像文件编码。你可以像这样从python中执行mencoder:

import os

os.system("mencoder ...")