我已经使用下一个函数转换模型到字典

def model_to_dict(obj):
    return {x: obj.__dict__[x] for x in obj.__dict__ if x in {y.column for y in obj._meta.fields}}

例子

{'id': 8985,
 'title': 'Dmitro',
 'email_address': 'it9+8985@localhost',
 'workspace_id': 'it9',
 'archived': False,
 'deleted': False,
 'inbox': False,
 'read': True,
 'created_at': datetime.datetime(2022, 5, 5, 16, 55, 29, 791844, tzinfo=    <UTC>),
 'creator': 'An So',
 'last_message_id': 500566,
 'stat_data': {'count_messages': 1, 'count_attachments': 0},
 'stat_dirty': False,
 'assign_to_id': None,
 'assigned_at': None,
 'assignment_note': None,
 'initial_last_update_ts': 1651769728,
 'renamed_manually': False,
 'unread_timestamp': datetime.datetime(2022, 5, 5, 16, 55, 29, 842507, tzinfo=<UTC>)}

{'id': 6670,
 'email_id': 473962,
 'message_id': 500620,
 'filename': 'Screenshot.png',
 'size': 6076854,
 'mimetype': 'image/png',
 'aws_key': 'dev/RLpdcza46KFpITDWO_kv_fg2732waccB43z5RmT9/Screenshot.png',
 'aws_key1': '',
 'aws_key_thumb': 'dev/iaCdvcZmUKq-gJim7HT33ID46Ng4WOdxx-TdVuIU/f4b0db49-7f2d-4def-bdc1-8e394f98727f.png',
 's3stored_file_id': 4147}

我喜欢将模型实例转换为dict进行快照测试，以下是我如何做到的:

注意:这里有camelize选项，因为如果api响应返回cammelized的对象，最好保持所有快照一致，无论是来自模型实例还是api调用。

from rest_framework import serializers
from djangorestframework_camel_case.util import camelize as _camelize

def model_to_dict(instance, camelize=False):
    """
    Convert a model instance to dict.
    """
    class Serializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = type(instance)
            fields = "__all__"
    data = Serializer(instance).data
    if camelize:
        data = _camelize(data)
    # convert from ordered dict to dict
    return dict(data)

@Zags的解决方案太棒了!

不过，为了使它对JSON友好，我要为datefields添加一个条件。

奖金轮

如果你想要一个更好的python命令行显示的django模型，让你的models子类如下:

from django.db import models
from django.db.models.fields.related import ManyToManyField

class PrintableModel(models.Model):
    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.to_dict())

    def to_dict(self):
        opts = self._meta
        data = {}
        for f in opts.concrete_fields + opts.many_to_many:
            if isinstance(f, ManyToManyField):
                if self.pk is None:
                    data[f.name] = []
                else:
                    data[f.name] = list(f.value_from_object(self).values_list('pk', flat=True))
            elif isinstance(f, DateTimeField):
                if f.value_from_object(self) is not None:
                    data[f.name] = f.value_from_object(self).timestamp()
            else:
                data[f.name] = None
            else:
                data[f.name] = f.value_from_object(self)
        return data

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

例如，如果我们这样定义我们的模型:

class OtherModel(PrintableModel): pass

class SomeModel(PrintableModel):
    value = models.IntegerField()
    value2 = models.IntegerField(editable=False)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    reference1 = models.ForeignKey(OtherModel, related_name="ref1")
    reference2 = models.ManyToManyField(OtherModel, related_name="ref2")

调用sommodel .objects.first()现在给出如下输出:

{'created': 1426552454.926738,
'value': 1, 'value2': 2, 'reference1': 1, u'id': 1, 'reference2': [1]}

当我试图使用django-rest框架将django站点转换为API时，我遇到了这个问题。通常django会从数据库中返回三种类型的对象。它们包括一个查询集、一个模型实例和一个分页器对象。对我来说，这些是需要转换的。

查询集

queryset就像django中的模型对象列表。这是把它转换成字典的代码。

model_data=Model.object.all()# This returns a queryset object
model_to_dict=[model for model in model_data.values()]
return Response(model_to_dict,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

模型实例

模型实例是模型的单个对象。

model_instance=Model.objects.get(pk=1)# This will return only a single model object
model_to_dict=model_to_dict(model_instance)
return Response(model_to_dict,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

Paginator对象

分页器对象是一个包含特定页面的模型对象的对象。

model_queryset=Model.objects.all()
paginator = Paginator(model_queryset, 10)
try:
    selected_results = paginator.page(page)
except Exception:
    selected_results=result
paginator_to_dict=list(selected_results.object_list.values())
return Response(selected_results,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

至少我是这么解决的。

只有vars(obj)，它将声明对象的整个值

>>> obj_attrs = vars(obj)
>>> obj_attrs
 {'_file_data_cache': <FileData: Data>,
  '_state': <django.db.models.base.ModelState at 0x7f5c6733bad0>,
  'aggregator_id': 24,
  'amount': 5.0,
  'biller_id': 23,
  'datetime': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 31, 18, 43, 58, 933277, tzinfo=<UTC>),
  'file_data_id': 797719,
 }

你也可以加上这个

>>> keys = obj_attrs.keys()
>>> temp = [obj_attrs.pop(key) if key.startswith('_') else None for key in keys]
>>> del temp
>>> obj_attrs
   {
    'aggregator_id': 24,
    'amount': 5.0,
    'biller_id': 23,
    'datetime': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 31, 18, 43, 58, 933277, tzinfo=<UTC>),
    'file_data_id': 797719,
   }

我创建了一个小片段，利用django的model_to_dict，但遍历对象的关系。 对于循环依赖项，它终止递归并放入引用依赖项对象的字符串。您可以将其扩展为包含不可编辑字段。

我在测试期间使用它来创建模型快照。

from itertools import chain

from django.db.models.fields.files import FileField, ImageField
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict


def get_instance_dict(instance, already_passed=frozenset()):
    """Creates a nested dict version of a django model instance
    Follows relationships recursively, circular relationships are terminated by putting
    a model identificator `{model_name}:{instance.id}`.
    Ignores image and file fields."""
    instance_dict = model_to_dict(
        instance,
        fields=[
            f
            for f in instance._meta.concrete_fields
            if not isinstance(f, (ImageField, FileField))
        ],
    )

    already_passed = already_passed.union(
        frozenset((f"{instance.__class__.__name__}:{instance.id}",))
    )
    # Go through possible relationships
    for field in chain(instance._meta.related_objects, instance._meta.concrete_fields):
        if (
            (field.one_to_one or field.many_to_one)
            and hasattr(instance, field.name)
            and (relation := getattr(instance, field.name))
        ):
            if (
                model_id := f"{relation.__class__.__name__}:{relation.id}"
            ) in already_passed:
                instance_dict[field.name] = model_id
            else:
                instance_dict[field.name] = get_instance_dict(relation, already_passed)

        if field.one_to_many or field.many_to_many:
            relations = []
            for relation in getattr(instance, field.get_accessor_name()).all():
                if (
                    model_id := f"{relation.__class__.__name__}:{relation.id}"
                ) in already_passed:
                    relations.append(model_id)
                else:
                    relations.append(get_instance_dict(relation, already_passed))
            instance_dict[field.get_accessor_name()] = relations

    return instance_dict