如何将django Model对象转换为包含所有字段的dict ?理想情况下,所有字段都包含外键和editable=False。
让我详细说明一下。假设我有一个django模型,如下所示:
from django.db import models
class OtherModel(models.Model): pass
class SomeModel(models.Model):
normal_value = models.IntegerField()
readonly_value = models.IntegerField(editable=False)
auto_now_add = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
foreign_key = models.ForeignKey(OtherModel, related_name="ref1")
many_to_many = models.ManyToManyField(OtherModel, related_name="ref2")
在终端中,我做了以下工作:
other_model = OtherModel()
other_model.save()
instance = SomeModel()
instance.normal_value = 1
instance.readonly_value = 2
instance.foreign_key = other_model
instance.save()
instance.many_to_many.add(other_model)
instance.save()
我想把它转换成下面的字典:
{'auto_now_add': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 16, 21, 34, 14, 926738, tzinfo=<UTC>),
'foreign_key': 1,
'id': 1,
'many_to_many': [1],
'normal_value': 1,
'readonly_value': 2}
回答不满意的问题:
Django:将整个Model对象集转换为单个字典
如何将Django Model对象转换为字典,同时还保留外键?
我创建了一个小片段,利用django的model_to_dict,但遍历对象的关系。
对于循环依赖项,它终止递归并放入引用依赖项对象的字符串。您可以将其扩展为包含不可编辑字段。
我在测试期间使用它来创建模型快照。
from itertools import chain
from django.db.models.fields.files import FileField, ImageField
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
def get_instance_dict(instance, already_passed=frozenset()):
"""Creates a nested dict version of a django model instance
Follows relationships recursively, circular relationships are terminated by putting
a model identificator `{model_name}:{instance.id}`.
Ignores image and file fields."""
instance_dict = model_to_dict(
instance,
fields=[
f
for f in instance._meta.concrete_fields
if not isinstance(f, (ImageField, FileField))
],
)
already_passed = already_passed.union(
frozenset((f"{instance.__class__.__name__}:{instance.id}",))
)
# Go through possible relationships
for field in chain(instance._meta.related_objects, instance._meta.concrete_fields):
if (
(field.one_to_one or field.many_to_one)
and hasattr(instance, field.name)
and (relation := getattr(instance, field.name))
):
if (
model_id := f"{relation.__class__.__name__}:{relation.id}"
) in already_passed:
instance_dict[field.name] = model_id
else:
instance_dict[field.name] = get_instance_dict(relation, already_passed)
if field.one_to_many or field.many_to_many:
relations = []
for relation in getattr(instance, field.get_accessor_name()).all():
if (
model_id := f"{relation.__class__.__name__}:{relation.id}"
) in already_passed:
relations.append(model_id)
else:
relations.append(get_instance_dict(relation, already_passed))
instance_dict[field.get_accessor_name()] = relations
return instance_dict
将模型转换为字典并保留所有的外键模型关系。我使用了以下方法:
无详细名称
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
instance = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1) # EXAMPLE
instance_dict = {key: getattr(instance, key) for key in model_to_dict(instance).keys()}
输出
{'foreign_key': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
'id': 1,
'many_to_many': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
'normal_value': 1}
如果你想在模板中为外键关系显示__str__()值,这可能很有用。
将关键字参数fields=和exclude=包含到model_to_dict(instance,[…])中,使您可以过滤特定的字段。
详细名称
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
instance = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1) # EXAMPLE
instance_dict = {instance._meta.get_field(key).verbose_name if hasattr(instance._meta.get_field(key), 'verbose_name') else key: getattr(instance, key) for key in model_to_dict(instance).keys()}
示例输出(如果给定示例有详细的名称)
{'Other Model:': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
'id': 1,
'My Other Model:': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
'Normal Value:': 1}