你见过的最好的解决方案。

将django.db.models.Model实例和所有相关的ForeignKey, ManyToManyField和@Property函数字段转换为dict。

"""
Convert django.db.models.Model instance and all related ForeignKey, ManyToManyField and @property function fields into dict.
Usage:
    class MyDjangoModel(... PrintableModel):
        to_dict_fields = (...)
        to_dict_exclude = (...)
        ...
    a_dict = [inst.to_dict(fields=..., exclude=...) for inst in MyDjangoModel.objects.all()]
"""
import typing

import django.core.exceptions
import django.db.models
import django.forms.models


def get_decorators_dir(cls, exclude: typing.Optional[set]=None) -> set:
    """
    Ref: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4930414/how-can-i-introspect-properties-and-model-fields-in-django
    :param exclude: set or None
    :param cls:
    :return: a set of decorators
    """
    default_exclude = {"pk", "objects"}
    if not exclude:
        exclude = default_exclude
    else:
        exclude = exclude.union(default_exclude)

    return set([name for name in dir(cls) if name not in exclude and isinstance(getattr(cls, name), property)])


class PrintableModel(django.db.models.Model):

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

    def __repr__(self):
        return str(self.to_dict())

    def to_dict(self, fields: typing.Optional[typing.Iterable]=None, exclude: typing.Optional[typing.Iterable]=None):
        opts = self._meta
        data = {}

        # support fields filters and excludes
        if not fields:
            fields = set()
        else:
            fields = set(fields)
        default_fields = getattr(self, "to_dict_fields", set())
        fields = fields.union(default_fields)

        if not exclude:
            exclude = set()
        else:
            exclude = set(exclude)
        default_exclude = getattr(self, "to_dict_exclude", set())
        exclude = exclude.union(default_exclude)

        # support syntax "field__childField__..."
        self_fields = set()
        child_fields = dict()
        if fields:
            for i in fields:
                splits = i.split("__")
                if len(splits) == 1:
                    self_fields.add(splits[0])
                else:
                    self_fields.add(splits[0])

                    field_name = splits[0]
                    child_fields.setdefault(field_name, set())
                    child_fields[field_name].add("__".join(splits[1:]))

        self_exclude = set()
        child_exclude = dict()
        if exclude:
            for i in exclude:
                splits = i.split("__")
                if len(splits) == 1:
                    self_exclude.add(splits[0])
                else:
                    field_name = splits[0]
                    if field_name not in child_exclude:
                        child_exclude[field_name] = set()
                    child_exclude[field_name].add("__".join(splits[1:]))

        for f in opts.concrete_fields + opts.many_to_many:
            if self_fields and f.name not in self_fields:
                continue
            if self_exclude and f.name in self_exclude:
                continue

            if isinstance(f, django.db.models.ManyToManyField):
                if self.pk is None:
                    data[f.name] = []
                else:
                    result = []
                    m2m_inst = f.value_from_object(self)
                    for obj in m2m_inst:
                        if isinstance(PrintableModel, obj) and hasattr(obj, "to_dict"):
                            d = obj.to_dict(
                                fields=child_fields.get(f.name),
                                exclude=child_exclude.get(f.name),
                            )
                        else:
                            d = django.forms.models.model_to_dict(
                                obj,
                                fields=child_fields.get(f.name),
                                exclude=child_exclude.get(f.name)
                            )
                        result.append(d)
                    data[f.name] = result
            elif isinstance(f, django.db.models.ForeignKey):
                if self.pk is None:
                    data[f.name] = []
                else:
                    data[f.name] = None
                    try:
                        foreign_inst = getattr(self, f.name)
                    except django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist:
                        pass
                    else:
                        if isinstance(foreign_inst, PrintableModel) and hasattr(foreign_inst, "to_dict"):
                            data[f.name] = foreign_inst.to_dict(
                                fields=child_fields.get(f.name),
                                exclude=child_exclude.get(f.name)
                            )
                        elif foreign_inst is not None:
                            data[f.name] = django.forms.models.model_to_dict(
                                foreign_inst,
                                fields=child_fields.get(f.name),
                                exclude=child_exclude.get(f.name),
                            )

            elif isinstance(f, (django.db.models.DateTimeField, django.db.models.DateField)):
                v = f.value_from_object(self)
                if v is not None:
                    data[f.name] = v.isoformat()
                else:
                    data[f.name] = None
            else:
                data[f.name] = f.value_from_object(self)

        # support @property decorator functions
        decorator_names = get_decorators_dir(self.__class__)
        for name in decorator_names:
            if self_fields and name not in self_fields:
                continue
            if self_exclude and name in self_exclude:
                continue

            value = getattr(self, name)
            if isinstance(value, PrintableModel) and hasattr(value, "to_dict"):
                data[name] = value.to_dict(
                    fields=child_fields.get(name),
                    exclude=child_exclude.get(name)
                )
            elif hasattr(value, "_meta"):
                # make sure it is a instance of django.db.models.fields.Field
                data[name] = django.forms.models.model_to_dict(
                    value,
                    fields=child_fields.get(name),
                    exclude=child_exclude.get(name),
                )
            elif isinstance(value, (set, )):
                data[name] = list(value)
            else:
                data[name] = value

        return data

https://gist.github.com/shuge/f543dc2094a3183f69488df2bfb51a52

最简单的方式,

如果你的查询是Model.Objects.get(): Get()将返回单个实例，因此您可以直接从实例中使用__dict__。 model_dict = Model.Objects.get().__dict__ 过滤器()/ (): All ()/filter()将返回实例列表，因此您可以使用values()来获取对象列表。 model_values = Model.Objects.all().values()

将模型转换为字典并保留所有的外键模型关系。我使用了以下方法:

无详细名称

from django.forms.models import model_to_dict

instance = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1) # EXAMPLE

instance_dict = {key: getattr(instance, key) for key in model_to_dict(instance).keys()}

输出

{'foreign_key': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
 'id': 1,
 'many_to_many': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
 'normal_value': 1}

如果你想在模板中为外键关系显示__str__()值，这可能很有用。

将关键字参数fields=和exclude=包含到model_to_dict(instance，[…])中，使您可以过滤特定的字段。

详细名称

from django.forms.models import model_to_dict

instance = MyModel.objects.get(pk=1) # EXAMPLE

instance_dict = {instance._meta.get_field(key).verbose_name if hasattr(instance._meta.get_field(key), 'verbose_name') else key: getattr(instance, key) for key in model_to_dict(instance).keys()}

示例输出(如果给定示例有详细的名称)

{'Other Model:': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
 'id': 1,
 'My Other Model:': [<OtherModel: OtherModel object>],
 'Normal Value:': 1}

只有vars(obj)，它将声明对象的整个值

>>> obj_attrs = vars(obj)
>>> obj_attrs
 {'_file_data_cache': <FileData: Data>,
  '_state': <django.db.models.base.ModelState at 0x7f5c6733bad0>,
  'aggregator_id': 24,
  'amount': 5.0,
  'biller_id': 23,
  'datetime': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 31, 18, 43, 58, 933277, tzinfo=<UTC>),
  'file_data_id': 797719,
 }

你也可以加上这个

>>> keys = obj_attrs.keys()
>>> temp = [obj_attrs.pop(key) if key.startswith('_') else None for key in keys]
>>> del temp
>>> obj_attrs
   {
    'aggregator_id': 24,
    'amount': 5.0,
    'biller_id': 23,
    'datetime': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 31, 18, 43, 58, 933277, tzinfo=<UTC>),
    'file_data_id': 797719,
   }

来自@zags的答案是全面的，应该足够了，但#5方法(这是最好的一个IMO)抛出一个错误，所以我改进了helper函数。

由于OP请求将many_to_many字段转换为主键列表而不是对象列表，因此我增强了函数，使返回值现在是JSON可序列化的——通过将datetime对象转换为str，将many_to_many对象转换为id列表。

import datetime

def ModelToDict(instance):
    '''
    Returns a dictionary object containing complete field-value pairs of the given instance

    Convertion rules:

        datetime.date --> str
        many_to_many --> list of id's

    '''

    concrete_fields = instance._meta.concrete_fields
    m2m_fields = instance._meta.many_to_many
    data = {}

    for field in concrete_fields:
        key = field.name
        value = field.value_from_object(instance)
        if type(value) == datetime.datetime:
            value = str(field.value_from_object(instance))
        data[key] = value

    for field in m2m_fields:
        key = field.name
        value = field.value_from_object(instance)
        data[key] = [rel.id for rel in value]

    return data

我找到了一个很好的解决方法:

假设你有一个模型对象o:

就叫:

type(o).objects.filter(pk=o.pk).values().first()