这似乎是一个很好的解决方案，从一个伟大的博客文章

import sys  
from PyQt4.QtGui import *  
from PyQt4.QtCore import *  
from PyQt4.QtWebKit import *  
from lxml import html 

#Take this class for granted.Just use result of rendering.
class Render(QWebPage):  
  def __init__(self, url):  
    self.app = QApplication(sys.argv)  
    QWebPage.__init__(self)  
    self.loadFinished.connect(self._loadFinished)  
    self.mainFrame().load(QUrl(url))  
    self.app.exec_()  

  def _loadFinished(self, result):  
    self.frame = self.mainFrame()  
    self.app.quit()  

url = 'http://pycoders.com/archive/'  
r = Render(url)  
result = r.frame.toHtml()
# This step is important.Converting QString to Ascii for lxml to process

# The following returns an lxml element tree
archive_links = html.fromstring(str(result.toAscii()))
print archive_links

# The following returns an array containing the URLs
raw_links = archive_links.xpath('//div[@class="campaign"]/a/@href')
print raw_links

You'll want to use urllib, requests, beautifulSoup and selenium web driver in your script for different parts of the page, (to name a few). Sometimes you'll get what you need with just one of these modules. Sometimes you'll need two, three, or all of these modules. Sometimes you'll need to switch off the js on your browser. Sometimes you'll need header info in your script. No websites can be scraped the same way and no website can be scraped in the same way forever without having to modify your crawler, usually after a few months. But they can all be scraped! Where there's a will there's a way for sure. If you need scraped data continuously into the future just scrape everything you need and store it in .dat files with pickle. Just keep searching how to try what with these modules and copying and pasting your errors into the Google.

这似乎是一个很好的解决方案，从一个伟大的博客文章

import sys  
from PyQt4.QtGui import *  
from PyQt4.QtCore import *  
from PyQt4.QtWebKit import *  
from lxml import html 

#Take this class for granted.Just use result of rendering.
class Render(QWebPage):  
  def __init__(self, url):  
    self.app = QApplication(sys.argv)  
    QWebPage.__init__(self)  
    self.loadFinished.connect(self._loadFinished)  
    self.mainFrame().load(QUrl(url))  
    self.app.exec_()  

  def _loadFinished(self, result):  
    self.frame = self.mainFrame()  
    self.app.quit()  

url = 'http://pycoders.com/archive/'  
r = Render(url)  
result = r.frame.toHtml()
# This step is important.Converting QString to Ascii for lxml to process

# The following returns an lxml element tree
archive_links = html.fromstring(str(result.toAscii()))
print archive_links

# The following returns an array containing the URLs
raw_links = archive_links.xpath('//div[@class="campaign"]/a/@href')
print raw_links

把BeautifulSoup和Selenium混合在一起对我来说效果很好。

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading")
    try:
        element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "myDynamicElement"))) #waits 10 seconds until element is located. Can have other wait conditions  such as visibility_of_element_located or text_to_be_present_in_element

        html = driver.page_source
        soup = bs(html, "lxml")
        dynamic_text = soup.find_all("p", {"class":"class_name"}) #or other attributes, optional
    else:
        print("Couldnt locate element")

附注:你可以在这里找到更多的等待条件

Playwright-Python

还有一种选择是剧作家- Python，它是微软剧作家(本身是受木偶大师影响的浏览器自动化库)到Python的移植。

下面是选择一个元素并抓取它的文本的最小示例:

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.chromium.launch()
    page = browser.new_page()
    page.goto("http://whatsmyuseragent.org/")
    ua = page.query_selector(".user-agent");
    print(ua.text_content())
    browser.close()

你也可以使用webdriver执行javascript。

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(url)
driver.execute_script('document.title')

或者将值存储在变量中

result = driver.execute_script('var text = document.title ; return text')