我们没有得到正确的结果，因为任何javascript生成的内容都需要在DOM上呈现。当我们获取一个HTML页面时，我们获取初始的，未经javascript修改的DOM。

因此，我们需要在抓取页面之前呈现javascript内容。

由于selenium已经在本线程中多次提到(有时也提到了它的速度有多慢)，我将列出其他两种可能的解决方案。

解决方案1:这是一个关于如何使用Scrapy抓取javascript生成内容的非常好的教程，我们将遵循这一点。

我们需要:

Docker installed in our machine. This is a plus over other solutions until this point, as it utilizes an OS-independent platform. Install Splash following the instruction listed for our corresponding OS.Quoting from splash documentation: Splash is a javascript rendering service. It’s a lightweight web browser with an HTTP API, implemented in Python 3 using Twisted and QT5. Essentially we are going to use Splash to render Javascript generated content. Run the splash server: sudo docker run -p 8050:8050 scrapinghub/splash. Install the scrapy-splash plugin: pip install scrapy-splash Assuming that we already have a Scrapy project created (if not, let's make one), we will follow the guide and update the settings.py: Then go to your scrapy project’s settings.py and set these middlewares: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723, 'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725, 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810, } The URL of the Splash server(if you’re using Win or OSX this should be the URL of the docker machine: How to get a Docker container's IP address from the host?): SPLASH_URL = 'http://localhost:8050' And finally you need to set these values too: DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter' HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage' Finally, we can use a SplashRequest: In a normal spider you have Request objects which you can use to open URLs. If the page you want to open contains JS generated data you have to use SplashRequest(or SplashFormRequest) to render the page. Here’s a simple example: class MySpider(scrapy.Spider): name = "jsscraper" start_urls = ["http://quotes.toscrape.com/js/"] def start_requests(self): for url in self.start_urls: yield SplashRequest( url=url, callback=self.parse, endpoint='render.html' ) def parse(self, response): for q in response.css("div.quote"): quote = QuoteItem() quote["author"] = q.css(".author::text").extract_first() quote["quote"] = q.css(".text::text").extract_first() yield quote SplashRequest renders the URL as html and returns the response which you can use in the callback(parse) method.

解决方案2:我们暂且称之为实验性的(2018年5月)…… 此解决方案仅适用于Python版本3.6(目前)。

你知道请求模块吗(谁不知道呢)? 现在它有了一个网络爬行的小兄弟:requests-HTML:

这个库旨在使解析HTML(例如抓取网页)尽可能简单和直观。

安装请求-html: pipenv 对页面的url进行请求: 导入HTMLSession 会话= HTMLSession() R = session.get(a_page_url) 渲染响应以获得Javascript生成的比特: r.html.render ()

最后，该模块似乎提供了抓取功能。 或者，我们也可以尝试使用我们刚刚渲染的r.html对象来使用BeautifulSoup。

我最近使用requests_html库来解决这个问题。

他们的扩展文档在readthedocs。IO非常好(跳过pypi.org上的带注释的版本)。如果您的用例是基本的，那么您可能会取得一些成功。

from requests_html import HTMLSession
session = HTMLSession()
response = session.request(method="get",url="www.google.com/")
response.html.render()

如果你在使用response.html.render()呈现你需要的数据时遇到麻烦，你可以将一些javascript传递给呈现函数来呈现你需要的特定js对象。这是从他们的文档中复制的，但这可能正是你需要的:

如果指定了script，它将在 运行时。例子:

script = """
    () => {
        return {
            width: document.documentElement.clientWidth,
            height: document.documentElement.clientHeight,
            deviceScaleFactor: window.devicePixelRatio,
        }
    } 
"""

返回执行脚本的返回值，如果有的话:

>>> response.html.render(script=script)
{'width': 800, 'height': 600, 'deviceScaleFactor': 1}

In my case, the data I wanted were the arrays that populated a javascript plot but the data wasn't getting rendered as text anywhere in the html. Sometimes its not clear at all what the object names are of the data you want if the data is populated dynamically. If you can't track down the js objects directly from view source or inspect, you can type in "window" followed by ENTER in the debugger console in the browser (Chrome) to pull up a full list of objects rendered by the browser. If you make a few educated guesses about where the data is stored, you might have some luck finding it there. My graph data was under window.view.data in the console, so in the "script" variable passed to the .render() method quoted above, I used:

return {
    data: window.view.data
}

你也可以使用webdriver执行javascript。

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(url)
driver.execute_script('document.title')

或者将值存储在变量中

result = driver.execute_script('var text = document.title ; return text')

如前所述，Selenium是呈现JavaScript结果的好选择:

from selenium.webdriver import Firefox
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.options import Options

options = Options()
options.headless = True
browser = Firefox(executable_path="/usr/local/bin/geckodriver", options=options)

url = "https://www.example.com"
browser.get(url)

gazpacho是一个非常容易解析渲染html的库:

from gazpacho import Soup

soup = Soup(browser.page_source)
soup.find("a").attrs['href']

简单快捷的解决方案:

我也遇到过同样的问题。我想刮一些数据是用JavaScript构建的。如果我只用BeautifulSoup从这个网站抓取文本，那么我就以文本中的标签结束。 我想渲染这个标签，并将从中抓取信息。 另外，我不想使用像Scrapy和selenium这样的笨重框架。

我发现请求模块的get方法接受url，它实际上呈现脚本标签。

例子:

import requests
custom_User_agent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0"
url = "https://www.abc.xyz/your/url"
response = requests.get(url, headers={"User-Agent": custom_User_agent})
html_text = response.text

这将呈现加载站点和呈现标签。

希望这将有助于作为快速和简单的解决方案，渲染网站加载脚本标签。

也许硒可以做到。

from selenium import webdriver
import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(url)
time.sleep(5)
htmlSource = driver.page_source