It is now 2019 and the TLS v1.3 has been released. According to Cloudflare, the server name indication (SNI aka the hostname) can be encrypted thanks to TLS v1.3. So, I told myself great! Let's see how it looks within the TCP packets of cloudflare.com So, I caught a "client hello" handshake packet from a response of the cloudflare server using Google Chrome as browser & wireshark as packet sniffer. I still can read the hostname in plain text within the Client hello packet as you can see below. It is not encrypted.

因此，请注意您可以阅读到的内容，因为这仍然不是一个匿名连接。客户机和服务器之间的中间件应用程序可以记录客户机请求的每个域。

所以，看起来SNI的加密需要额外的实现才能与TLSv1.3一起工作

2020年6月更新: 它看起来像加密SNI是由浏览器发起的。Cloudflare有一个页面供您检查您的浏览器是否支持加密SNI:

https://www.cloudflare.com/ssl/encrypted-sni/

在这一点上，我认为谷歌chrome不支持它。您可以在Firefox中手动激活加密SNI。当我因为某种原因尝试它时，它并没有立即起作用。我重启了两次Firefox，它才开始工作:

URL字段类型:about:config。

检查network.security.esni.enabled是否为true。 清除缓存/重新启动

去我之前提到的那个网站。

正如你所看到的，对于那些想要确保咖啡店老板不会记录人们访问的网站列表的人来说，VPN服务今天仍然很有用。

Marc Novakowski的回答很有帮助——URL存储在服务器的日志中(例如，在/etc/httpd/logs/ssl_access_log中)，所以如果你不想让服务器长期保存这些信息，就不要把它放在URL中。

虽然你已经有了很好的答案，但我真的很喜欢这个网站上的解释:https://https.cio.gov/faq/#what-information-does-https-protect

简而言之:使用HTTPS隐藏:

HTTP方法 查询参数 POST正文(如有) 请求头(包括cookie) 状态码

是的，SSL连接是在TCP层和HTTP层之间。客户端和服务器端首先建立一个安全的加密TCP连接(通过SSL/TLS协议)，然后客户端通过加密的TCP连接发送HTTP请求(GET, POST, DELETE…)

但是请注意(在评论中也提到了)，URL的域名部分在TLS协商的第一部分以明文形式发送。因此，可以嗅出服务器的域名。但不是URL的其余部分。

A third-party that is monitoring traffic may also be able to determine the page visited by examining your traffic an comparing it with the traffic another user has when visiting the site. For example if there were 2 pages only on a site, one much larger than the other, then comparison of the size of the data transfer would tell which page you visited. There are ways this could be hidden from the third-party but they're not normal server or browser behaviour. See for example this paper from SciRate, https://scirate.com/arxiv/1403.0297.

一般来说，其他答案是正确的，但实际上，这篇论文表明，可以相当有效地确定访问的页面(即URL)。

You can not always count on privacy of the full URL either. For instance, as is sometimes the case on enterprise networks, supplied devices like your company PC are configured with an extra "trusted" root certificate so that your browser can quietly trust a proxy (man-in-the-middle) inspection of https traffic. This means that the full URL is exposed for inspection. This is usually saved to a log. Furthermore, your passwords are also exposed and probably logged and this is another reason to use one time passwords or to change your passwords frequently. Finally, the request and response content is also exposed if not otherwise encrypted. One example of the inspection setup is described by Checkpoint here. An old style "internet café" using supplied PC's may also be set up this way.