使用Java 7的简单方法，没有第三方库

String path = "your complete file path";
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
md.update(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(path)));
byte[] digest = md.digest();

如果你需要打印这个字节数组。使用方法如下

System.out.println(Arrays.toString(digest));

如果你需要十六进制字符串出这个摘要。使用方法如下

String digestInHex = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(digest).toUpperCase();
System.out.println(digestInHex);

其中DatatypeConverter是javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter

public static String MD5Hash(String toHash) throws RuntimeException {
   try{
       return String.format("%032x", // produces lower case 32 char wide hexa left-padded with 0
      new BigInteger(1, // handles large POSITIVE numbers 
           MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5").digest(toHash.getBytes())));
   }
   catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
      // do whatever seems relevant
   }
}

Guava现在提供了一个新的、一致的哈希API，它比JDK中提供的各种哈希API更友好。参见哈希的解释。对于一个文件，你可以很容易地得到MD5和，CRC32(14.0+版本)或许多其他哈希值:

HashCode md5 = Files.hash(file, Hashing.md5());
byte[] md5Bytes = md5.asBytes();
String md5Hex = md5.toString();

HashCode crc32 = Files.hash(file, Hashing.crc32());
int crc32Int = crc32.asInt();

// the Checksum API returns a long, but it's padded with 0s for 32-bit CRC
// this is the value you would get if using that API directly
long checksumResult = crc32.padToLong();

非常快速和干净的java方法，不依赖于外部库:

(如果你想要，只需将MD5替换为SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384或SHA-512)

public String calcMD5() throws Exception{
        byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
        MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");

        DigestInputStream dis = new DigestInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("Path to file")), md);
        try {
            while (dis.read(buffer) != -1);
        }finally{
            dis.close();
        }

        byte[] bytes = md.digest();

        // bytesToHex-method
        char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
        for ( int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++ ) {
            int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
            hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
            hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
        }

        return new String(hexChars);
}

String checksum = DigestUtils.md5Hex(new FileInputStream(filePath));

下面是一个方便的变体，它利用了Java 9中的InputStream.transferTo()和Java 11中的OutputStream.nullOutputStream()。它不需要外部库，也不需要将整个文件加载到内存中。

public static String hashFile(String algorithm, File f) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
    MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance(algorithm);

    try(BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream((new FileInputStream(f)));
        DigestOutputStream out = new DigestOutputStream(OutputStream.nullOutputStream(), md)) {
        in.transferTo(out);
    }

    String fx = "%0" + (md.getDigestLength()*2) + "x";
    return String.format(fx, new BigInteger(1, md.digest()));
}

and

hashFile("SHA-512", Path.of("src", "test", "resources", "some.txt").toFile());

返回

"e30fa2784ba15be37833d569280e2163c6f106506dfb9b07dde67a24bfb90da65c661110cf2c5c6f71185754ee5ae3fd83a5465c92f72abd888b03187229da29"