public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("c:\\apache\\cxf.jar");

    byte[] dataBytes = new byte[1024];

    int nread = 0;
    while ((nread = fis.read(dataBytes)) != -1) {
        md.update(dataBytes, 0, nread);
    };
    byte[] mdbytes = md.digest();
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    for (int i = 0; i < mdbytes.length; i++) {
        sb.append(Integer.toString((mdbytes[i] & 0xff) + 0x100, 16).substring(1));
    }
    System.out.println("Digest(in hex format):: " + sb.toString());
}

或者你可以得到更多的信息 http://www.asjava.com/core-java/java-md5-example/

标准Java运行时环境方式:

public String checksum(File file) {
  try {
    InputStream fin = new FileInputStream(file);
    java.security.MessageDigest md5er =
        MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    int read;
    do {
      read = fin.read(buffer);
      if (read > 0)
        md5er.update(buffer, 0, read);
    } while (read != -1);
    fin.close();
    byte[] digest = md5er.digest();
    if (digest == null)
      return null;
    String strDigest = "0x";
    for (int i = 0; i < digest.length; i++) {
      strDigest += Integer.toString((digest[i] & 0xff) 
                + 0x100, 16).substring(1).toUpperCase();
    }
    return strDigest;
  } catch (Exception e) {
    return null;
  }
}

结果等于linux md5sum实用程序。

我最近不得不为一个动态字符串这样做，MessageDigest可以以多种方式表示散列。为了获得文件的签名，就像你会得到md5sum命令，我必须做这样的事情:

try {
   String s = "TEST STRING";
   MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
   md5.update(s.getBytes(),0,s.length());
   String signature = new BigInteger(1,md5.digest()).toString(16);
   System.out.println("Signature: "+signature);

} catch (final NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
   e.printStackTrace();
}

这显然没有回答你关于如何专门为一个文件做这件事的问题，上面的答案很好地处理了这个问题。我只是花了很多时间使和看起来像大多数应用程序显示它，并认为您可能会遇到同样的麻烦。

下面是一个简单的函数，它包装了Sunil的代码，以File作为参数。该函数不需要任何外部库，但需要Java 7。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

public class Checksum {

    /**
     * Generates an MD5 checksum as a String.
     * @param file The file that is being checksummed.
     * @return Hex string of the checksum value.
     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String generate(File file) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,IOException {

        MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
        messageDigest.update(Files.readAllBytes(file.toPath()));
        byte[] hash = messageDigest.digest();

        return DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(hash).toUpperCase();
    }

    public static void main(String argv[]) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
        File file = new File("/Users/foo.bar/Documents/file.jar");          
        String hex = Checksum.generate(file);
        System.out.printf("hex=%s\n", hex);            
    }


}

示例输出:

hex=B117DD0C3CBBD009AC4EF65B6D75C97B

使用Apache Commons Codec库中的DigestUtils:

try (InputStream is = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("file.zip"))) {
    String md5 = org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.md5Hex(is);
}

在Real的Java-How-to中有一个使用MessageDigest类的例子。

请查看该页面中使用CRC32和SHA-1的示例。

import java.io.*;
import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class MD5Checksum {

   public static byte[] createChecksum(String filename) throws Exception {
       InputStream fis =  new FileInputStream(filename);

       byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
       MessageDigest complete = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
       int numRead;

       do {
           numRead = fis.read(buffer);
           if (numRead > 0) {
               complete.update(buffer, 0, numRead);
           }
       } while (numRead != -1);

       fis.close();
       return complete.digest();
   }

   // see this How-to for a faster way to convert
   // a byte array to a HEX string
   public static String getMD5Checksum(String filename) throws Exception {
       byte[] b = createChecksum(filename);
       String result = "";

       for (int i=0; i < b.length; i++) {
           result += Integer.toString( ( b[i] & 0xff ) + 0x100, 16).substring( 1 );
       }
       return result;
   }

   public static void main(String args[]) {
       try {
           System.out.println(getMD5Checksum("apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe"));
           // output :
           //  0bb2827c5eacf570b6064e24e0e6653b
           // ref :
           //  http://www.apache.org/dist/
           //          tomcat/tomcat-5/v5.5.17/bin
           //              /apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe.MD5
           //  0bb2827c5eacf570b6064e24e0e6653b *apache-tomcat-5.5.17.exe
       }
       catch (Exception e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }
   }
}