另一种替代方法可能并不适用于所有环境。至少可以保证它在nodejs 0.8中工作 这种方法使用了一种非标准的方法来修改内部原型道具

function myError(msg){ 
      var e = new Error(msg); 
      _this = this; 
      _this.__proto__.__proto__ = e;
}

MDN有一个很好的例子:

try {
  throw new Error('Whoops!');
} catch (e) {
  console.log(e.name + ': ' + e.message);
}

以下是我支持es2015之前版本浏览器的解决方案。它不做任何花哨的原型调整，也不会破坏调试器。

/**  Custom Errors
    // Depends on underscore js
    // This will declare an CustError() class in both 'this' and '_exports' namespaces
    // ctor is optional
    declare_cust_error(function CustError(){}, {ns: [this, _exports], ctor: 
        function cust_err_ctor(instance, clazz, name, msg, info){
            q$.called(arguments)
        }
    })

    // Usage:
    // Second param (pojso) is optional
    try {
        throw CustError.create("foo", {k1: 'v1', k2: 'v2'})
    }catch(ex){
        if(CustError.is_inst(ex)){
            console.error("its a CustError", ex)
        } else {
            throw ex
        }
    }

**/
function declare_cust_error(error_class, opts){
    var p, c, cp
    if(!error_class||!(p=error_class.prototype))throw new Error("error_class must be a Class")
    try{
        c = p.constructor; cp = c.toString()
    }catch(ex){}
    if(!cp || cp.indexOf('function ') != 0 || cp.indexOf('[native code]') > 0)
        throw new Error("error_class must be a classic proto class (pre-es6) but got: " + error_class.toString())

    opts=opts||{}
    
    error_class.__is_cust_error__ = true
    error_class.__cust_error_name__ = c.name

    error_class.create = function cust_error_create(msg, info){
        var instance = new Error(msg)
        instance.info = info
        instance.__is_cust_error__ = true
        instance.__cust_error_name__ = c.name
        if(_.isFunction(opts.ctor)){
            opts.ctor(instance, error_class, c.name, msg, info)
        }
        return instance
    }

    error_class.is_inst = function cust_error_is_inst(instanace){
        return ( (instanace instanceof Error) && instanace.__cust_error_name__ === error_class.__cust_error_name__ )
    }
    
    // Declare error in namespace(s)
    _.each(_.isArray(opts.ns)?opts.ns:[opts.ns], function(ns){ ns[c.name] = error_class })

    return error_class

}

以上所有的答案都很糟糕，真的。即使是107个向上的那个!真正的答案在这里:

从Error对象继承- message属性在哪里?

TL; diana:

a .没有设置message的原因是Error是一个函数，它返回一个新的Error对象，并且不以任何方式操作它。

B.正确的方法是从构造函数返回apply的结果，以及以通常复杂的javascript方式设置原型:

function MyError() { var temp = Error.apply(this, arguments); temp.name = this.name = 'MyError'; this.message = temp.message; if(Object.defineProperty) { // getter for more optimizy goodness /*this.stack = */Object.defineProperty(this, 'stack', { get: function() { return temp.stack }, configurable: true // so you can change it if you want }) } else { this.stack = temp.stack } } //inherit prototype using ECMAScript 5 (IE 9+) MyError.prototype = Object.create(Error.prototype, { constructor: { value: MyError, writable: true, configurable: true } }); var myError = new MyError("message"); console.log("The message is: '" + myError.message + "'"); // The message is: 'message' console.log(myError instanceof Error); // true console.log(myError instanceof MyError); // true console.log(myError.toString()); // MyError: message console.log(myError.stack); // MyError: message \n // <stack trace ...> //for EMCAScript 4 or ealier (IE 8 or ealier), inherit prototype this way instead of above code: /* var IntermediateInheritor = function() {}; IntermediateInheritor.prototype = Error.prototype; MyError.prototype = new IntermediateInheritor(); */

您可能会使用一些技巧来枚举tmp Error的所有不可枚举属性来设置它们，而不是显式地只设置stack和message，但是ie<9不支持这种技巧

这是我的实现:

class HttpError extends Error {
  constructor(message, code = null, status = null, stack = null, name = null) {
    super();
    this.message = message;
    this.status = 500;

    this.name = name || this.constructor.name;
    this.code = code || `E_${this.name.toUpperCase()}`;
    this.stack = stack || null;
  }

  static fromObject(error) {
    if (error instanceof HttpError) {
      return error;
    }
    else {
      const { message, code, status, stack } = error;
      return new ServerError(message, code, status, stack, error.constructor.name);
    }
  }

  expose() {
    if (this instanceof ClientError) {
      return { ...this };
    }
    else {
      return {
        name: this.name,
        code: this.code,
        status: this.status,
      }
    }
  }
}

class ServerError extends HttpError {}

class ClientError extends HttpError { }

class IncorrectCredentials extends ClientError {
  constructor(...args) {
    super(...args);
    this.status = 400;
  }
}

class ResourceNotFound extends ClientError {
  constructor(...args) {
    super(...args);
    this.status = 404;
  }
}

示例用法#1:

app.use((req, res, next) => {
  try {
    invalidFunction();
  }
  catch (err) {
    const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
    return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
  }
});

示例用法#2:

router.post('/api/auth', async (req, res) => {
  try {
    const isLogged = await User.logIn(req.body.username, req.body.password);

    if (!isLogged) {
      throw new IncorrectCredentials('Incorrect username or password');
    }
    else {
      return res.status(200).send({
        token,
      });
    }
  }
  catch (err) {
    const error = HttpError.fromObject(err);
    return res.status(error.status).send(error.expose());
  }
});

以不能使用instanceof为代价，下面的代码保留了原始的堆栈跟踪，并且没有使用任何非标准的技巧。

// the function itself
var fixError = function(err, name) {
    err.name = name;
    return err;
}

// using the function
try {
    throw fixError(new Error('custom error message'), 'CustomError');
} catch (e) {
    if (e.name == 'CustomError')
        console.log('Wee! Custom Error! Msg:', e.message);
    else
        throw e; // unhandled. let it propagate upwards the call stack
}