我想知道这在SQL中是否可行。假设你有两个表A和B,你在表A上做一个选择,在表B上做一个连接:

SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TABLE_A a JOIN TABLE_B b USING (some_id);

如果表A有“a_id”、“name”、“some_id”列,表B有“b_id”、“name”、“some_id”列,查询将返回“a_id”、“name”、“some_id”、“b_id”、“name”、“some_id”列。有什么方法可以为表B的列名加上前缀而不单独列出每一列吗?等价于这个:

SELECT a.*, b.b_id as 'b.b_id', b.name as 'b.name', b.some_id as 'b.some_id'
FROM TABLE_A a JOIN TABLE_B b USING (some_id);

但是,如前所述,没有列出每一列,所以像这样:

SELECT a.*, b.* as 'b.*'
FROM TABLE_A a JOIN TABLE_B b USING (some_id);

基本上就是说,“用‘something’为b.*返回的每一列添加前缀”。这可能吗,还是我运气不好?

编辑

关于不使用SELECT *等的建议是有效的建议,但与我的上下文无关,因此请关注眼前的问题——是否可以在连接中为表的所有列名添加前缀(SQL查询中指定的常量)?

我的最终目标是能够通过连接对两个表执行SELECT *操作,并且能够从结果集中获得的列的名称中分辨出哪些列来自表a,哪些列来自表b。同样,我不想单独列出列,我需要能够执行SELECT *操作。


当前回答

在postgres中,我使用json函数来返回json对象.... 然后,在查询之后,我json_decode带有_json后缀的字段。

IE:

select row_to_json(tab1.*) AS tab1_json, row_to_json(tab2.*) AS tab2_json 
 from tab1
 join tab2 on tab2.t1id=tab1.id

然后在PHP(或任何其他语言),我循环通过返回的列和json_decode()他们,如果他们有“_json”后缀(也删除后缀。最后,我得到一个包含所有tab1字段的名为“tab1”的对象,以及一个包含所有tab2字段的名为“tab2”的对象。

其他回答

I see two possible situations here. First, you want to know if there is a SQL standard for this, that you can use in general regardless of the database. No, there is not. Second, you want to know with regard to a specific dbms product. Then you need to identify it. But I imagine the most likely answer is that you'll get back something like "a.id, b.id" since that's how you'd need to identify the columns in your SQL expression. And the easiest way to find out what the default is, is just to submit such a query and see what you get back. If you want to specify what prefix comes before the dot, you can use "SELECT * FROM a AS my_alias", for instance.

最近在NodeJS和Postgres中遇到了这个问题。

ES6方法

我知道没有任何RDBMS特性提供这种功能,所以我创建了一个包含我所有字段的对象,例如:

const schema = { columns: ['id','another_column','yet_another_column'] }

定义了一个reducer将字符串与表名连接在一起:

const prefix = (table, columns) => columns.reduce((previous, column) => {
  previous.push(table + '.' + column + ' AS ' + table + '_' + column);
  return previous;
}, []);

这将返回一个字符串数组。为每个表调用它并合并结果:

const columns_joined = [...prefix('tab1',schema.columns), ...prefix('tab2',schema.columns)];

输出最后的SQL语句:

console.log('SELECT ' + columns_joined.join(',') + ' FROM tab1, tab2 WHERE tab1.id = tab2.id');

从这个解决方案出发,我将如何处理这个问题:

首先创建一个所有AS语句的列表:

DECLARE @asStatements varchar(8000)

SELECT @asStatements = ISNULL(@asStatements + ', ','') + QUOTENAME(table_name) + '.' + QUOTENAME(column_name) + ' AS ' + '[' + table_name + '.' + column_name + ']'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'TABLE_A' OR TABLE_NAME = 'TABLE_B'
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

然后在你的查询中使用它:

EXEC('SELECT ' + @asStatements + ' FROM TABLE_A a JOIN TABLE_B b USING (some_id)');

然而,这可能需要修改,因为类似的东西只在SQL Server中测试。但是这段代码在SQL Server中并不完全有效,因为不支持USING。

请评论,如果你可以测试/纠正这段代码,例如MySQL。

通过重命名相关表中的字段,我解决了自己的一个类似问题。是的,我有这样做的特权,我知道可能不是每个人都有。我在表示表名的表中的每个字段中添加了前缀。因此,OP发布的SQL将保持不变

SELECT a.*, b.* FROM TABLE_A a JOIN TABLE_B b USING (some_id);

并且仍然给出了预期的结果——易于识别输出字段属于哪个表。

对此没有SQL标准。

然而,通过代码生成(在表创建或修改或运行时按需生成),你可以很容易地做到这一点:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[stackoverflow_329931_a](
    [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [col2] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [col3] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [col4] [nchar](10) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_stackoverflow_329931_a] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[stackoverflow_329931_b](
    [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [col2] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [col3] [nchar](10) NULL,
    [col4] [nchar](10) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_stackoverflow_329931_b] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
    [id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]

DECLARE @table1_name AS varchar(255)
DECLARE @table1_prefix AS varchar(255)
DECLARE @table2_name AS varchar(255)
DECLARE @table2_prefix AS varchar(255)
DECLARE @join_condition AS varchar(255)
SET @table1_name = 'stackoverflow_329931_a'
SET @table1_prefix = 'a_'
SET @table2_name = 'stackoverflow_329931_b'
SET @table2_prefix = 'b_'
SET @join_condition = 'a.[id] = b.[id]'

DECLARE @CRLF AS varchar(2)
SET @CRLF = CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)

DECLARE @a_columnlist AS varchar(MAX)
DECLARE @b_columnlist AS varchar(MAX)
DECLARE @sql AS varchar(MAX)

SELECT @a_columnlist = COALESCE(@a_columnlist + @CRLF + ',', '') + 'a.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS [' + @table1_prefix + COLUMN_NAME + ']'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = @table1_name
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

SELECT @b_columnlist = COALESCE(@b_columnlist + @CRLF + ',', '') + 'b.[' + COLUMN_NAME + '] AS [' + @table2_prefix + COLUMN_NAME + ']'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = @table2_name
ORDER BY ORDINAL_POSITION

SET @sql = 'SELECT ' + @a_columnlist + '
,' + @b_columnlist + '
FROM [' + @table1_name + '] AS a
INNER JOIN [' + @table2_name + '] AS b
ON (' + @join_condition + ')'

PRINT @sql
-- EXEC (@sql)