什么是闭包?我们在。net中有吗?
如果它们确实存在于。net中,你能提供一个代码片段(最好是c#)来解释它吗?
什么是闭包?我们在。net中有吗?
如果它们确实存在于。net中,你能提供一个代码片段(最好是c#)来解释它吗?
当前回答
如果你有兴趣了解c#如何实现闭包,请阅读“I know the answer (its 42) blog”。
编译器在后台生成一个类来封装匿名方法和变量j
[CompilerGenerated]
private sealed class <>c__DisplayClass2
{
public <>c__DisplayClass2();
public void <fillFunc>b__0()
{
Console.Write("{0} ", this.j);
}
public int j;
}
对于函数:
static void fillFunc(int count) {
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
int j = i;
funcArr[i] = delegate()
{
Console.Write("{0} ", j);
};
}
}
把它变成:
private static void fillFunc(int count)
{
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
Program.<>c__DisplayClass1 class1 = new Program.<>c__DisplayClass1();
class1.j = i;
Program.funcArr[i] = new Func(class1.<fillFunc>b__0);
}
}
其他回答
下面是我从JavaScript中类似的代码创建的c#人为示例:
public delegate T Iterator<T>() where T : class;
public Iterator<T> CreateIterator<T>(IList<T> x) where T : class
{
var i = 0;
return delegate { return (i < x.Count) ? x[i++] : null; };
}
所以,这里有一些代码,展示了如何使用上面的代码…
var iterator = CreateIterator(new string[3] { "Foo", "Bar", "Baz"});
// So, although CreateIterator() has been called and returned, the variable
// "i" within CreateIterator() will live on because of a closure created
// within that method, so that every time the anonymous delegate returned
// from it is called (by calling iterator()) it's value will increment.
string currentString;
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Foo"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Bar"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now "Baz"
currentString = iterator(); // currentString is now null
希望这对大家有所帮助。
Closures are chunks of code that reference a variable outside themselves, (from below them on the stack), that might be called or executed later, (like when an event or delegate is defined, and could get called at some indefinite future point in time)... Because the outside variable that the chunk of code references may gone out of scope (and would otherwise have been lost), the fact that it is referenced by the chunk of code (called a closure) tells the runtime to "hold" that variable in scope until it is no longer needed by the closure chunk of code...
Func<int, int> GetMultiplier(int a)
{
return delegate(int b) { return a * b; } ;
}
//...
var fn2 = GetMultiplier(2);
var fn3 = GetMultiplier(3);
Console.WriteLine(fn2(2)); //outputs 4
Console.WriteLine(fn2(3)); //outputs 6
Console.WriteLine(fn3(2)); //outputs 6
Console.WriteLine(fn3(3)); //outputs 9
闭包是传递到创建闭包的函数外部的匿名函数。 它维护它所使用的函数中的任何变量。
闭包是在函数中定义的函数,可以访问它的局部变量以及它的父变量。
public string GetByName(string name)
{
List<things> theThings = new List<things>();
return theThings.Find<things>(t => t.Name == name)[0];
}
find方法中的函数。
t => t.Name == name
可以访问其作用域中的变量t,以及父作用域中的变量名。即使它是由find方法作为委托从另一个作用域执行的。
这是c# 7.0概要书中一个简单易懂的答案。
您应该知道的先决条件:lambda表达式可以引用方法的局部变量和参数 其中它被定义(外部变量)。
static void Main()
{
int factor = 2;
//Here factor is the variable that takes part in lambda expression.
Func<int, int> multiplier = n => n * factor;
Console.WriteLine (multiplier (3)); // 6
}
实部分:lambda表达式引用的外部变量称为捕获变量。捕获变量的lambda表达式称为闭包。
最后需要注意的一点:被捕获的变量是在委托实际调用时计算的,而不是在变量被捕获时计算的:
int factor = 2;
Func<int, int> multiplier = n => n * factor;
factor = 10;
Console.WriteLine (multiplier (3)); // 30