这是对@Claudio提供的答案的一个小修改，它使用了@sobolevn在他的回答中描述的新的诗歌安装-无根特性。

为了强制poetry将依赖项安装到特定的virtualenv中，首先需要启用它。

. /path/to/virtualenv/bin/activate && poetry install

因此，将这些添加到@Claudio的答案中

FROM python:3.10-slim as base

ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
    PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

WORKDIR /app

FROM base as builder

ENV PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
    POETRY_VERSION=1.3.1

RUN pip install "poetry==$POETRY_VERSION"

COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock README.md ./
# if your project is stored in src, uncomment line below
# COPY src ./src
# or this if your file is stored in $PROJECT_NAME, assuming `myproject`
# COPY myproject ./myproject
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.in-project true && \
    poetry install --only=main --no-root && \
    poetry build

FROM base as final

COPY --from=builder /app/.venv ./.venv
COPY --from=builder /app/dist .
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh .

RUN ./.venv/bin/pip install *.whl
CMD ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]

如果您需要将其用于开发目的，您可以通过替换这一行来添加或删除——no-dev

RUN . /venv/bin/activate && poetry install --no-dev --no-root

就像@sobolevn的回答中显示的那样

RUN . /venv/bin/activate && poetry install --no-root $(test "$YOUR_ENV" == production && echo "--no-dev")

在添加适当的环境变量声明之后。

该示例使用debian-slim的图像作为基础，但是，将其调整为基于阿尔卑斯的图像应该是一项微不足道的任务。

这里有一个不同的方法，使诗歌完整，所以你仍然可以使用诗歌添加等。如果你使用的是VS Code开发容器，这很好。

简而言之，安装Poetry，让Poetry创建虚拟环境，然后在每次启动新shell时通过修改.bashrc进入虚拟环境。

FROM ubuntu:20.04

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3 python3-pip curl

# Use Python 3 for `python`, `pip`
RUN    update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python  python  /usr/bin/python3 1 \
    && update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/pip     pip     /usr/bin/pip3    1

# Install Poetry
RUN curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/install-poetry.py | python3 -
ENV PATH "$PATH:/root/.local/bin/"

# Install Poetry packages (maybe remove the poetry.lock line if you don't want/have a lock file)
COPY pyproject.toml ./
COPY poetry.lock ./
RUN poetry install --no-interaction

# Provide a known path for the virtual environment by creating a symlink
RUN ln -s $(poetry env info --path) /var/my-venv

# Clean up project files. You can add them with a Docker mount later.
RUN rm pyproject.toml poetry.lock

# Hide virtual env prompt
ENV VIRTUAL_ENV_DISABLE_PROMPT 1

# Start virtual env when bash starts
RUN echo 'source /var/my-venv/bin/activate' >> ~/.bashrc

提醒一下，没有必要避免使用virtualenv。它不会影响表演，没有它们，诗歌也不能正常工作。

编辑:@Davos指出，除非你已经有一个pyproject，否则这是行不通的。汤姆和诗歌。锁文件。如果您需要处理这种情况，您可以使用这个变通方法，无论这些文件是否存在，它都应该有效。

COPY pyproject.toml* ./
COPY poetry.lock* ./
RUN poetry init --no-interaction; (exit 0) # Does nothing if pyproject.toml exists
RUN poetry install --no-interaction

多阶段Docker构建与诗歌和venv

不要禁用virtualenv创建功能。virtualenv在Docker构建中发挥了作用，因为它们提供了一种优雅的方式来利用多阶段构建。简而言之，构建阶段将所有内容安装到virtualenv中，而最后阶段只是将virtualenv复制到一个小映像中。

在复制代码之前，先使用诗歌导出并安装固定的需求。这将允许您使用Docker构建缓存，并且永远不会因为更改代码中的一行而重新安装依赖项。

不要使用诗意安装来安装代码，因为它将执行可编辑的安装。相反，使用诗歌构建来构建一个轮子，然后将其安装到您的virtualenv中。(感谢PEP 517，这整个过程也可以通过简单的pip install .来执行，但由于构建隔离，您最终将安装另一个Poetry副本。)

下面是一个Dockerfile安装Flask应用到Alpine镜像的例子，它依赖于Postgres。本例使用入口点脚本激活virtualenv。但一般来说，没有入口点脚本也没问题，因为您可以在CMD指令中简单地引用/venv/bin/ Python的Python二进制文件。

Dockerfile

FROM python:3.7.6-alpine3.11 as base

ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
    PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1

WORKDIR /app

FROM base as builder

ENV PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
    POETRY_VERSION=1.0.5

RUN apk add --no-cache gcc libffi-dev musl-dev postgresql-dev
RUN pip install "poetry==$POETRY_VERSION"
RUN python -m venv /venv

COPY pyproject.toml poetry.lock ./
RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt | /venv/bin/pip install -r /dev/stdin

COPY . .
RUN poetry build && /venv/bin/pip install dist/*.whl

FROM base as final

RUN apk add --no-cache libffi libpq
COPY --from=builder /venv /venv
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh wsgi.py ./
CMD ["./docker-entrypoint.sh"]

docker-entrypoint.sh

#!/bin/sh

set -e

. /venv/bin/activate

while ! flask db upgrade
do
     echo "Retry..."
     sleep 1
done

exec gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:5000 --forwarded-allow-ips='*' wsgi:app

wsgi.py

import your_app

app = your_app.create_app()

有两个项目，你可以看到如何正确地做到这一点，或者你可以使用这些项目来构建你自己的图像，因为它们只是基础图像:

https://github.com/max-pfeiffer/uvicorn-poetry https://github.com/max-pfeiffer/uvicorn-gunicorn-poetry

base image的Dockerfile: https://github.com/max-pfeiffer/uvicorn-poetry/blob/main/build/Dockerfile

ARG OFFICIAL_PYTHON_IMAGE
FROM ${OFFICIAL_PYTHON_IMAGE}

ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \
    PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \
    PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100 \
    POETRY_VERSION=1.1.11 \
    POETRY_HOME="/opt/poetry" \
    POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=true \
    PYTHONPATH=/application_root \
    VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH="/application_root/.venv"

ENV PATH="$POETRY_HOME/bin:$VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH/bin:$PATH"

# https://python-poetry.org/docs/#osx--linux--bashonwindows-install-instructions
RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y \
        build-essential \
        curl \
    && curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sdispater/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python - \
    && apt-get purge --auto-remove -y \
      build-essential \
      curl

COPY ./scripts/start_uvicorn.sh /application_server/
RUN chmod +x /application_server/start_uvicorn.sh

COPY ./scripts/pytest_entrypoint.sh ./scripts/black_entrypoint.sh /entrypoints/
RUN chmod +x /entrypoints/pytest_entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x /entrypoints/black_entrypoint.sh

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["/application_server/start_uvicorn.sh"]

样例工程图片的Dockerfile: https://github.com/max-pfeiffer/uvicorn-poetry/blob/main/examples/fast_api_multistage_build/Dockerfile

ARG BASE_IMAGE_NAME_AND_TAG=pfeiffermax/uvicorn-poetry:1.0.1-python3.9.8-slim-bullseye
FROM ${BASE_IMAGE_NAME_AND_TAG} as base-image

WORKDIR /application_root

# install [tool.poetry.dependencies]
# this will install virtual environment into /.venv because of POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=true
# see: https://python-poetry.org/docs/configuration/#virtualenvsin-project
COPY ./poetry.lock ./pyproject.toml /application_root/
RUN poetry install --no-interaction --no-root --no-dev

FROM base-image as test-base-image
ENV LOG_LEVEL="debug"

COPY --from=base-image $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH

# install [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
RUN poetry install --no-interaction --no-root

COPY /app /application_root/app/
COPY /tests /application_root/tests/

# image for running pep8 checks
FROM test-base-image as black-test-image

ENTRYPOINT /entrypoints/black_entrypoint.sh $0 $@

CMD ["--target-version py39", "--check", " --line-length 80", "app"]

# image for running unit tests
FROM test-base-image as unit-test-image

ENTRYPOINT /entrypoints/pytest_entrypoint.sh $0 $@

# You need to use pytest-cov as pytest plugin. Makes life very simple.
# tests directory is configured in pyproject.toml
# https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-cov
CMD ["--cov=app", "--cov-report=xml:/test_coverage_reports/unit_tests_coverage.xml"]

FROM base-image as development-image
ENV RELOAD="true" \
    LOG_LEVEL="debug"

COPY --from=base-image $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH

# install [tool.poetry.dev-dependencies]
RUN poetry install --no-interaction --no-root

COPY . /application_root/

FROM base-image as production-image

COPY --from=base-image $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH $VIRTUAL_ENVIRONMENT_PATH

# This RUN statement fixes an issue while running the tests with GitHub Actions.
# Tests work reliable locally on my machine or running GitHub Actions using act.
# There is a bug with multistage builds in GitHub Actions which I can also reliable reproduce
# see: https://github.com/moby/moby/issues/37965
# Will also check if I can fix that annoying issue with some tweaks to docker build args
# see: https://gist.github.com/UrsaDK/f90c9632997a70cfe2a6df2797731ac8
RUN true

COPY /app /application_root/app/

博士TL;

我已经能够使用postgres为Django项目创建诗歌。在做了一些研究后，我最终得到了以下Dockerfile:

FROM python:slim

# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install and setup poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt install -y curl netcat \
    && curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"

WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
  && poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi

# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]

这是entrypoint.sh的内容:

#!/bin/sh

if [ "$DATABASE" = "postgres" ]
then
    echo "Waiting for postgres..."

    while ! nc -z $SQL_HOST $SQL_PORT; do
      sleep 0.1
    done

    echo "PostgreSQL started"
fi

python manage.py migrate

exec "$@"

详细解释

需要注意以下几点:

I have decide to use slim instead of alpine as tag for the python image because even though alpine images are supposed to reduce the size of Docker images and speed up the build, with Python, you can actually end up with a bit larger image and that takes a while to build (read this article for more info). Using this configuration builds containers faster than using the alpine image because I do not need to add some extra packages to install Python packages properly. I am installing poetry directly from the URL provided in the documentation. I am aware of the warnings provided by sobolevn. However, I consider that it is better in the long term to use the lates version of poetry by default than relying on an environment variable that I should update periodically. Updating the environment variable PATH is crucial. Otherwise, you will get an error saying that poetry was not found. Dependencies are installed directly in the python interpreter of the container. It does not create poetry to create a virtual environment before installing the dependencies.

如果你需要这个Dockerfile的alpine版本:

FROM python:alpine

# Keeps Python from generating .pyc files in the container
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
# Turns off buffering for easier container logging
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install dev dependencies
RUN apk update \
    && apk add curl postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev

# Install poetry
RUN pip install -U pip \
    && curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/python-poetry/poetry/master/get-poetry.py | python -
ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.poetry/bin"

WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY . .
RUN poetry config virtualenvs.create false \
  && poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi

# run entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/src/app/entrypoint.sh"]

注意，alpine版本需要一些依赖关系postgresql-dev gcc python3-dev musl-dev openssl-dev libffi-dev才能正常工作。

使用docker多阶段构建和python slim image，将诗词锁导出到requirements.txt，然后在virtualenv中通过pip安装。

它有最小的尺寸，不需要诗在运行时的形象，钉的版本一切。

FROM python:3.9.7 as base
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app

FROM base as poetry
RUN pip install poetry==1.1.12
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /app/
RUN poetry export -o requirements.txt

FROM base as build
COPY --from=poetry /app/requirements.txt /tmp/requirements.txt
RUN python -m venv .venv && \
    .venv/bin/pip install 'wheel==0.36.2' && \
    .venv/bin/pip install -r /tmp/requirements.txt

FROM python:3.9.7-slim as runtime
ENV PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
WORKDIR /app
ENV PATH=/app/.venv/bin:$PATH
COPY --from=build /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY . /app