这里有另一种方法:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
rc('mathtext', default='regular')

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
pl_1, = ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-')
label_1 = 'Swdown'
pl_2, = ax.plot(time, Rn, '-')
label_2 = 'Rn'

ax2 = ax.twinx()
pl_3, = ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r')
label_3 = 'temp'

ax.legend([pl[enter image description here][1]_1, pl_2, pl_3], [label_1, label_2, label_3], loc=0)

ax.grid()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^\circ$C)")
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35)
ax.set_ylim(-20,100)
plt.show()

在这里输入图像描述

您可以通过添加以下行轻松添加第二个图例:

ax2.legend(loc=0)

你会得到这个:

但是如果你想要所有的标签都在一个图例上，那么你应该这样做:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
rc('mathtext', default='regular')

time = np.arange(10)
temp = np.random.random(10)*30
Swdown = np.random.random(10)*100-10
Rn = np.random.random(10)*100-10

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

lns1 = ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-', label = 'Swdown')
lns2 = ax.plot(time, Rn, '-', label = 'Rn')
ax2 = ax.twinx()
lns3 = ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r', label = 'temp')

# added these three lines
lns = lns1+lns2+lns3
labs = [l.get_label() for l in lns]
ax.legend(lns, labs, loc=0)

ax.grid()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^\circ$C)")
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35)
ax.set_ylim(-20,100)
plt.show()

它会给你这个:

我不确定这个功能是否是新的，但你也可以使用get_legend_handles_labels()方法，而不是自己跟踪行和标签:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import rc
rc('mathtext', default='regular')

pi = np.pi

# fake data
time = np.linspace (0, 25, 50)
temp = 50 / np.sqrt (2 * pi * 3**2) \
        * np.exp (-((time - 13)**2 / (3**2))**2) + 15
Swdown = 400 / np.sqrt (2 * pi * 3**2) * np.exp (-((time - 13)**2 / (3**2))**2)
Rn = Swdown - 10

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)

ax.plot(time, Swdown, '-', label = 'Swdown')
ax.plot(time, Rn, '-', label = 'Rn')
ax2 = ax.twinx()
ax2.plot(time, temp, '-r', label = 'temp')

# ask matplotlib for the plotted objects and their labels
lines, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
lines2, labels2 = ax2.get_legend_handles_labels()
ax2.legend(lines + lines2, labels + labels2, loc=0)

ax.grid()
ax.set_xlabel("Time (h)")
ax.set_ylabel(r"Radiation ($MJ\,m^{-2}\,d^{-1}$)")
ax2.set_ylabel(r"Temperature ($^\circ$C)")
ax2.set_ylim(0, 35)
ax.set_ylim(-20,100)
plt.show()

准备

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots( figsize=(15,6) )

Y1, Y2 = np.random.random((2,100))

ax2 = ax1.twinx()

内容

我很惊讶它没有显示到目前为止，但最简单的方法是手动收集它们到一个轴objs(躺在彼此的顶部)

l1 = ax1.plot( range(len(Y1)), Y1, label='Label 1' )
l2 = ax2.plot( range(len(Y2)), Y2, label='Label 2', color='orange' )

ax1.legend( handles=l1+l2 )

或者通过fig.legend()将它们自动收集到周围的图形中，并摆弄bbox_to_anchor参数:

ax1.plot( range(len(Y1)), Y1, label='Label 1' )
ax2.plot( range(len(Y2)), Y2, label='Label 2', color='orange' )

fig.legend( bbox_to_anchor=(.97, .97) )

终结

fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig('stackoverflow.png', bbox_inches='tight')

如果您正在使用Seaborn，您可以这样做:

g = sns.barplot('arguments blah blah')
g2 = sns.lineplot('arguments blah blah')
h1,l1 = g.get_legend_handles_labels()
h2,l2 = g2.get_legend_handles_labels()
#Merging two legends
g.legend(h1+h2, l1+l2, title_fontsize='10')
#removes the second legend
g2.get_legend().remove()

目前提出的解决方案有一两个不便之处:

在绘图时需要单独收集句柄，例如lns1 = ax。plot(time, Swdown， '-'， label = 'Swdown')。在更新代码时，有忘记句柄的风险。 图例是为整个图形绘制的，而不是通过子图绘制的，如果你有多个子图，这可能是不可取的。

这个新的解决方案利用了Axes.get_legend_handles_labels()来收集主轴和双轴的现有句柄和标签。

自动收集手柄和标签

这个numpy操作将扫描所有与ax共享相同subplot区域的轴，包括ax并返回合并的句柄和标签:

hl = np.hstack([axis.get_legend_handles_labels()
                for axis in ax.figure.axes
                if axis.bbox.bounds == ax.bbox.bounds])

它可以用这样的方式来提供legend()参数:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

t = np.arange(1, 200)
signals = [np.exp(-t/20) * np.cos(t*k) for k in (1, 2)]

fig, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2, figsize=(10, 3), layout='constrained')
axes = axes.flatten()

for i, (ax, signal) in enumerate(zip(axes, signals)):
    # Plot as usual, no change to the code
    ax.plot(t, signal, label=f'plotted on axes[{i}]', c='C0', lw=9, alpha=0.3)
    ax2 = ax.twinx()
    ax2.plot(t, signal, label=f'plotted on axes[{i}].twinx()', c='C1')

    # The only specificity of the code is when plotting the legend
    h, l = np.hstack([axis.get_legend_handles_labels()
                      for axis in ax.figure.axes
                      if axis.bbox.bounds == ax.bbox.bounds]).tolist()
    ax2.legend(handles=h, labels=l, loc='upper right')