我正在寻找一种快速而简单的方法，用于正确地测试一个给定的TCP端口是否在远程服务器上打开，从Shell脚本中。
我已经设法用telnet命令做到这一点，当端口被打开时，它工作得很好，但当它没有超时时，它似乎并没有超时，只是挂在那里……
下面是一个例子:
l_TELNET=`echo "quit" | telnet $SERVER $PORT | grep "Escape character is"`
if [ "$?" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Connection to $SERVER on port $PORT failed"
exit 1
else
echo "Connection to $SERVER on port $PORT succeeded"
exit 0
fi
我要么需要一个更好的方法，或者一种方法强制telnet超时，如果它没有在8秒内连接，例如，并返回一些我可以在Shell中捕获的东西(返回代码，或stdout中的字符串)。
我知道Perl方法，它使用IO::Socket::INET模块，并编写了一个成功的测试端口的脚本，但如果可能的话，宁愿避免使用Perl。
注意:这是我的服务器正在运行(我需要从哪里运行这个)
SunOS 5.10 Generic_139556-08 i86pc i386 i86pc
如果您正在使用ksh或bash，它们都支持使用/dev/tcp/ ip / port构造将IO重定向到/从套接字。在这个Korn shell示例中，我将从套接字重定向no-op的(:)标准输入:
W$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer &
[1] 16833
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 ...
W$ : </dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8000
如果套接字没有打开，shell将打印一个错误:
W$ : </dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8001
ksh: /dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8001: cannot open [Connection refused]
因此，你可以在if条件中使用这个测试:
SERVER=127.0.0.1 PORT=8000
if (: < /dev/tcp/$SERVER/$PORT) 2>/dev/null
then
print succeeded
else
print failed
fi
no-op是在一个子shell中，所以如果stin重定向失败，我可以扔掉std-err。
我经常使用/dev/tcp来检查HTTP上资源的可用性:
W$ print arghhh > grr.html
W$ python -m SimpleHTTPServer &
[1] 16863
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 8000 ...
W$ (print -u9 'GET /grr.html HTTP/1.0\n';cat <&9) 9<>/dev/tcp/127.0.0.1/8000
HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Server: SimpleHTTP/0.6 Python/2.6.1
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2013 12:56:29 GMT
Content-type: text/html
Content-Length: 7
Last-Modified: Thu, 14 Feb 2013 12:55:44 GMT
arghhh
W$
这一行代码打开文件描述符9，用于读取和写入套接字，将HTTP GET打印到套接字，并使用cat从套接字读取。
对nc使用-z和-w TIMEOUT选项很容易，但并不是所有的系统都安装了nc。如果你有一个最新版本的bash，这将工作:
# Connection successful:
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/google.com/80'
$ echo $?
0
# Connection failure prior to the timeout
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/sfsfdfdff.com/80'
bash: sfsfdfdff.com: Name or service not known
bash: /dev/tcp/sfsfdfdff.com/80: Invalid argument
$ echo $?
1
# Connection not established by the timeout
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/google.com/81'
$ echo $?
124
What's happening here is that timeout will run the subcommand and kill it if it doesn't exit within the specified timeout (1 second in the above example). In this case bash is the subcommand and uses its special /dev/tcp handling to try and open a connection to the server and port specified. If bash can open the connection within the timeout, cat will just close it immediately (since it's reading from /dev/null) and exit with a status code of 0 which will propagate through bash and then timeout. If bash gets a connection failure prior to the specified timeout, then bash will exit with an exit code of 1 which timeout will also return. And if bash isn't able to establish a connection and the specified timeout expires, then timeout will kill bash and exit with a status of 124.
这在幕后使用telnet，在mac/linux上似乎工作得很好。它不使用netcat，因为linux/mac版本之间的差异，这适用于默认的mac安装。
例子:
$ is_port_open.sh 80 google.com
OPEN
$ is_port_open.sh 8080 google.com
CLOSED
is_port_open.sh
PORT=$1
HOST=$2
TIMEOUT_IN_SEC=${3:-1}
VALUE_IF_OPEN=${4:-"OPEN"}
VALUE_IF_CLOSED=${5:-"CLOSED"}
function eztern()
{
if [ "$1" == "$2" ]
then
echo $3
else
echo $4
fi
}
# cross platform timeout util to support mac mostly
# https://gist.github.com/jaytaylor/6527607
function eztimeout() { perl -e 'alarm shift; exec @ARGV' "$@"; }
function testPort()
{
OPTS=""
# find out if port is open using telnet
# by saving telnet output to temporary file
# and looking for "Escape character" response
# from telnet
FILENAME="/tmp/__port_check_$(uuidgen)"
RESULT=$(eztimeout $TIMEOUT_IN_SEC telnet $HOST $PORT &> $FILENAME; cat $FILENAME | tail -n1)
rm -f $FILENAME;
SUCCESS=$(eztern "$RESULT" "Escape character is '^]'." "$VALUE_IF_OPEN" "$VALUE_IF_CLOSED")
echo "$SUCCESS"
}
testPort
