虽然这是一个老问题，但我只是处理了它的一个变体，但这里的解决方案都不适用，所以我找到了另一个，并为子孙后代添加了它。是的，我知道OP说他们知道这个选项，它不适合他们，但对于任何跟随它的人来说，它可能是有用的。

在我的例子中，我想从docker构建中测试本地apt-cache -ng服务的可用性。这意味着在测试之前绝对不能安装任何东西。无nc、nmap、expect、telnet、python。perl然而是存在的，以及核心库，所以我使用这个:

perl -MIO::Socket::INET -e 'exit(! defined( IO::Socket::INET->new("172.17.42.1:3142")))'

对nc使用-z和-w TIMEOUT选项很容易，但并不是所有的系统都安装了nc。如果你有一个最新版本的bash，这将工作:

# Connection successful:
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/google.com/80'
$ echo $?
0

# Connection failure prior to the timeout
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/sfsfdfdff.com/80'
bash: sfsfdfdff.com: Name or service not known
bash: /dev/tcp/sfsfdfdff.com/80: Invalid argument
$ echo $?
1

# Connection not established by the timeout
$ timeout 1 bash -c 'cat < /dev/null > /dev/tcp/google.com/81'
$ echo $?
124

What's happening here is that timeout will run the subcommand and kill it if it doesn't exit within the specified timeout (1 second in the above example). In this case bash is the subcommand and uses its special /dev/tcp handling to try and open a connection to the server and port specified. If bash can open the connection within the timeout, cat will just close it immediately (since it's reading from /dev/null) and exit with a status code of 0 which will propagate through bash and then timeout. If bash gets a connection failure prior to the specified timeout, then bash will exit with an exit code of 1 which timeout will also return. And if bash isn't able to establish a connection and the specified timeout expires, then timeout will kill bash and exit with a status of 124.

TOC:

使用bash和timeout 命令 例子 使用数控 命令 RHEL 6 (nc-1.84) 安装 例子 RHEL 7 (nmap-ncat-6.40) 安装 例子 讲话

使用bash和timeout:

请注意，超时应该在RHEL 6+中出现，或者在GNU coreutils 8.22中也可以找到。在MacOS上，使用brew install coreutils安装它，并将其用作gtimeout。

命令:

$ timeout $TIMEOUT_SECONDS bash -c "</dev/tcp/${HOST}/${PORT}"; echo $?

如果参数化主机和端口，请确保像上面那样将它们指定为${host}和${port}。不要仅仅将它们指定为$HOST和$PORT，即不带大括号;在这种情况下行不通。

例子:

成功:

$ timeout 2 bash -c "</dev/tcp/canyouseeme.org/80"; echo $?
0

失败:

$ timeout 2 bash -c "</dev/tcp/canyouseeme.org/81"; echo $?
124

如果必须保留bash的退出状态，

$ timeout --preserve-status 2 bash -c "</dev/tcp/canyouseeme.org/81"; echo $?
143

使用数控:

注意，在RHEL 7上安装了向后不兼容的nc版本。

命令:

注意，下面的命令是唯一的，因为它对于RHEL 6和7都是相同的。只是安装和输出不同而已。

$ nc -w $TIMEOUT_SECONDS -v $HOST $PORT </dev/null; echo $?

RHEL 6 （nc-1.84）：

安装:

$ sudo yum install nc

例子:

Success:

$ nc -w 2 -v canyouseeme.org 80 </dev/null; echo $?
Connection to canyouseeme.org 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!
0

Failure:

$ nc -w 2 -v canyouseeme.org 81 </dev/null; echo $?
nc: connect to canyouseeme.org port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
1

如果主机名映射到多个ip，上述失败的命令将循环遍历多个或所有ip。例如:

$ nc -w 2 -v microsoft.com 81 </dev/null; echo $?
nc: connect to microsoft.com port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to microsoft.com port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to microsoft.com port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to microsoft.com port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
nc: connect to microsoft.com port 81 (tcp) timed out: Operation now in progress
1

RHEL 7 (nmap-ncat-6.40):

安装:

$ sudo yum install nmap-ncat

例子:

Success:

$ nc -w 2 -v canyouseeme.org 80 </dev/null; echo $?
Ncat: Version 6.40 ( http://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Connected to 52.202.215.126:80.
Ncat: 0 bytes sent, 0 bytes received in 0.22 seconds.
0

Failure:

$ nc -w 2 -v canyouseeme.org 81 </dev/null; echo $?
Ncat: Version 6.40 ( http://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Connection timed out.
1

如果主机名映射到多个ip，上述失败的命令将循环遍历多个或所有ip。例如:

$ nc -w 2 -v microsoft.com 81 </dev/null; echo $?
Ncat: Version 6.40 ( http://nmap.org/ncat )
Ncat: Connection to 104.43.195.251 failed: Connection timed out.
Ncat: Trying next address...
Ncat: Connection to 23.100.122.175 failed: Connection timed out.
Ncat: Trying next address...
Ncat: Connection to 23.96.52.53 failed: Connection timed out.
Ncat: Trying next address...
Ncat: Connection to 191.239.213.197 failed: Connection timed out.
Ncat: Trying next address...
Ncat: Connection timed out.
1

备注:

-v(——verbose)参数和回显$?命令当然只是为了说明。

在投票最多的答案的基础上，这里有一个等待两个端口打开的函数，还有一个超时。请注意必须打开的两个端口，8890和1111，以及max_attempts(每秒1次)。

function wait_for_server_to_boot()
{
    echo "Waiting for server to boot up..."
    attempts=0
    max_attempts=30
    while ( nc 127.0.0.1 8890 < /dev/null || nc 127.0.0.1 1111 < /dev/null )  && [[ $attempts < $max_attempts ]] ; do
        attempts=$((attempts+1))
        sleep 1;
        echo "waiting... (${attempts}/${max_attempts})"
    done
}

这在幕后使用telnet，在mac/linux上似乎工作得很好。它不使用netcat，因为linux/mac版本之间的差异，这适用于默认的mac安装。

例子:

$ is_port_open.sh 80 google.com
OPEN

$ is_port_open.sh 8080 google.com
CLOSED

is_port_open.sh

PORT=$1
HOST=$2
TIMEOUT_IN_SEC=${3:-1}
VALUE_IF_OPEN=${4:-"OPEN"}
VALUE_IF_CLOSED=${5:-"CLOSED"}

function eztern()
{
  if [ "$1" == "$2" ]
  then
    echo $3
  else
    echo $4
  fi
}

# cross platform timeout util to support mac mostly
# https://gist.github.com/jaytaylor/6527607
function eztimeout() { perl -e 'alarm shift; exec @ARGV' "$@"; }

function testPort()
{
  OPTS=""

  # find out if port is open using telnet
  # by saving telnet output to temporary file
  # and looking for "Escape character" response
  # from telnet
  FILENAME="/tmp/__port_check_$(uuidgen)"
  RESULT=$(eztimeout $TIMEOUT_IN_SEC telnet $HOST $PORT &> $FILENAME; cat $FILENAME | tail -n1)
  rm -f $FILENAME;
  SUCCESS=$(eztern "$RESULT" "Escape character is '^]'." "$VALUE_IF_OPEN" "$VALUE_IF_CLOSED")

  echo "$SUCCESS"
}

testPort 

正如B. Rhodes所指出的，nc (netcat)将完成这项工作。更紧凑的使用方法:

nc -z <host> <port>

这样，nc将只检查端口是否打开，成功时退出0，失败时退出1。

快速交互式检查(5秒超时):

nc -z -v -w5 <host> <port>