表:
UserId, Value, Date.
我想获得UserId,为每个UserId的最大值(日期)的值。也就是说,具有最新日期的每个UserId的值。有没有一种方法可以在SQL中简单地做到这一点?(最好是Oracle)
更新:为任何歧义道歉:我需要得到所有的用户id。但是对于每个UserId,只有该用户拥有最新日期的行。
表:
UserId, Value, Date.
我想获得UserId,为每个UserId的最大值(日期)的值。也就是说,具有最新日期的每个UserId的值。有没有一种方法可以在SQL中简单地做到这一点?(最好是Oracle)
更新:为任何歧义道歉:我需要得到所有的用户id。但是对于每个UserId,只有该用户拥有最新日期的行。
当前回答
(T-SQL)首先获取所有用户及其最大日期。与表连接以查找maxdates上用户的对应值。
create table users (userid int , value int , date datetime)
insert into users values (1, 1, '20010101')
insert into users values (1, 2, '20020101')
insert into users values (2, 1, '20010101')
insert into users values (2, 3, '20030101')
select T1.userid, T1.value, T1.date
from users T1,
(select max(date) as maxdate, userid from users group by userid) T2
where T1.userid= T2.userid and T1.date = T2.maxdate
结果:
userid value date
----------- ----------- --------------------------
2 3 2003-01-01 00:00:00.000
1 2 2002-01-01 00:00:00.000
其他回答
在Oracle 12c+中,你可以使用Top n查询和分析函数排名来实现这一点,而且不需要子查询:
select *
from your_table
order by rank() over (partition by user_id order by my_date desc)
fetch first 1 row with ties;
上面的代码返回每个用户my_date最大的所有行。
如果你只想要一个最大日期的行,那么用row_number替换秩:
select *
from your_table
order by row_number() over (partition by user_id order by my_date desc)
fetch first 1 row with ties;
Select
UserID,
Value,
Date
From
Table,
(
Select
UserID,
Max(Date) as MDate
From
Table
Group by
UserID
) as subQuery
Where
Table.UserID = subQuery.UserID and
Table.Date = subQuery.mDate
首先,我看错了问题,下面是一个完整的例子,结果是正确的:
CREATE TABLE table_name (id int, the_value varchar(2), the_date datetime);
INSERT INTO table_name (id,the_value,the_date) VALUES(1 ,'a','1/1/2000');
INSERT INTO table_name (id,the_value,the_date) VALUES(1 ,'b','2/2/2002');
INSERT INTO table_name (id,the_value,the_date) VALUES(2 ,'c','1/1/2000');
INSERT INTO table_name (id,the_value,the_date) VALUES(2 ,'d','3/3/2003');
INSERT INTO table_name (id,the_value,the_date) VALUES(2 ,'e','3/3/2003');
--
select id, the_value
from table_name u1
where the_date = (select max(the_date)
from table_name u2
where u1.id = u2.id)
--
id the_value
----------- ---------
2 d
2 e
1 b
(3 row(s) affected)
由于不工作,我手头没有Oracle,但我似乎记得Oracle允许在一个in子句中匹配多个列,这至少应该避免使用相关子查询的选项,这很少是一个好主意。
可能是这样的(不记得列列表是否应该加括号):
SELECT *
FROM MyTable
WHERE (User, Date) IN
( SELECT User, MAX(Date) FROM MyTable GROUP BY User)
编辑:刚刚真的试了一下:
SQL> create table MyTable (usr char(1), dt date);
SQL> insert into mytable values ('A','01-JAN-2009');
SQL> insert into mytable values ('B','01-JAN-2009');
SQL> insert into mytable values ('A', '31-DEC-2008');
SQL> insert into mytable values ('B', '31-DEC-2008');
SQL> select usr, dt from mytable
2 where (usr, dt) in
3 ( select usr, max(dt) from mytable group by usr)
4 /
U DT
- ---------
A 01-JAN-09
B 01-JAN-09
所以它是有效的,尽管其他地方提到的一些新东西可能性能更好。
答案是Oracle。这里有一个更复杂的SQL回答:
谁的整体作业成绩最好(作业点数最多)?
SELECT FIRST, LAST, SUM(POINTS) AS TOTAL
FROM STUDENTS S, RESULTS R
WHERE S.SID = R.SID AND R.CAT = 'H'
GROUP BY S.SID, FIRST, LAST
HAVING SUM(POINTS) >= ALL (SELECT SUM (POINTS)
FROM RESULTS
WHERE CAT = 'H'
GROUP BY SID)
还有一个更难的例子,需要一些解释,我没有时间了
给出2008年最受欢迎的书(ISBN和书名),即2008年最常被借阅的书。
SELECT X.ISBN, X.title, X.loans
FROM (SELECT Book.ISBN, Book.title, count(Loan.dateTimeOut) AS loans
FROM CatalogEntry Book
LEFT JOIN BookOnShelf Copy
ON Book.bookId = Copy.bookId
LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM Loan WHERE YEAR(Loan.dateTimeOut) = 2008) Loan
ON Copy.copyId = Loan.copyId
GROUP BY Book.title) X
HAVING loans >= ALL (SELECT count(Loan.dateTimeOut) AS loans
FROM CatalogEntry Book
LEFT JOIN BookOnShelf Copy
ON Book.bookId = Copy.bookId
LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM Loan WHERE YEAR(Loan.dateTimeOut) = 2008) Loan
ON Copy.copyId = Loan.copyId
GROUP BY Book.title);
希望这能对(任何人)有所帮助。:)
问候 古斯