Paul Hudak的书，The Haskell School of Expression，不仅是对Haskell的很好的介绍，而且还花了相当多的时间在FRP上。如果你是FRP的初学者，我强烈推荐它让你了解FRP是如何工作的。

还有一本看起来像是这本书(2011年出版，2014年更新)的新重写版——哈斯克尔音乐学院。

免责声明:我的答案是在rx.js的上下文中给出的——一个用于Javascript的“响应式编程”库。

在函数式编程中，不是遍历集合的每个项，而是对集合本身应用高阶函数(hof)。因此，FRP背后的思想是，与其处理每个单独的事件，不如创建一个事件流(使用可观察对象*实现)，并对其应用HoFs。通过这种方式，您可以将系统可视化为连接发布者和订阅者的数据管道。

The major advantages of using an observable are: i) it abstracts away state from your code, e.g., if you want the event handler to get fired only for every 'n'th event, or stop firing after the first 'n' events, or start firing only after the first 'n' events, you can just use the HoFs (filter, takeUntil, skip respectively) instead of setting, updating and checking counters. ii) it improves code locality - if you have 5 different event handlers changing the state of a component, you can merge their observables and define a single event handler on the merged observable instead, effectively combining 5 event handlers into 1. This makes it very easy to reason about what events in your entire system can affect a component, since it's all present in a single handler.

可观察对象是可迭代对象的对偶。

Iterable是一个惰性消费序列——迭代器在需要使用每个项时都会拉出它，因此枚举是由消费者驱动的。

可观察对象是一个惰性生成的序列——每一项在被添加到序列时都被推送给观察者，因此枚举是由生产者驱动的。

有一种简单的方法可以直观地了解它是什么样子的，那就是把你的程序想象成一个电子表格，所有的变量都是单元格。如果电子表格中的任何单元格发生变化，则引用该单元格的任何单元格也会发生变化。玻璃钢也是一样。现在想象一下，一些单元格会自己改变(或者更确切地说，是从外部世界中获取的):在GUI情况下，鼠标的位置就是一个很好的例子。

这必然会错过很多东西。当你实际使用FRP系统时，这个比喻很快就被打破了。首先，通常也会尝试建模离散事件(例如鼠标被点击)。我把这个放在这里只是为了让你们了解它是什么样的。

它是关于随着时间(或忽略时间)的数学数据转换。

在代码中，这意味着函数的纯洁性和声明性编程。

状态错误是标准命令式范例中的一个大问题。不同的代码位可能在程序执行的不同“时间”改变一些共享状态。这很难处理。

在FRP中，你描述了(就像在声明式编程中一样)数据如何从一种状态转换到另一种状态，以及触发它的是什么。这允许您忽略时间，因为您的函数只是对其输入作出反应，并使用它们的当前值创建一个新值。这意味着状态包含在转换节点的图(或树)中，并且在功能上是纯的。

这大大降低了复杂性和调试时间。

想想数学中的A=B+C和程序中的A=B+C之间的区别。 在数学中，你描述的是一种永不改变的关系。在一个程序中，它说“现在”a是B+C。但是下一个命令可能是b++，在这种情况下A不等于B+C。在数学或声明性编程中，A总是等于B+C，无论你在什么时候问。

因此，通过消除共享状态的复杂性并随时间改变值。你的程序更容易推理。

EventStream是一个EventStream +一些转换函数。

行为是一个EventStream +内存中的某个值。

当事件触发时，通过运行转换函数更新值。这产生的值存储在行为内存中。

行为可以被组合以产生新的行为，这些行为是对N个其他行为的转换。该组合值将在输入事件(行为)触发时重新计算。

由于观察器是无状态的，我们经常需要几个观察器来模拟一个状态机，就像在拖动示例中那样。我们必须保存所有相关观察者都可以访问的状态，比如上面的变量路径。”

引用自-弃用观察者模式 http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/148043/files/DeprecatingObserversTR2010.pdf

Andre Staltz的这篇文章是迄今为止我所见过的最好、最清楚的解释。

以下是文章中的一些引述:

响应式编程是使用异步数据流进行编程。 最重要的是，你会得到一个神奇的功能工具箱来组合、创建和过滤任何这些流。

下面是文章中精彩图表的一个例子:

如果你想感受一下FRP，你可以从1998年的Fran教程开始，它有动画插图。对于论文，从函数反应动画开始，然后在我的主页上的出版物链接和Haskell wiki上的FRP链接上跟踪链接。

就我个人而言，我喜欢在讨论如何实施FRP之前思考它意味着什么。 (没有规范的代码是没有问题的答案，因此“甚至没有错”。) 因此，我没有像Thomas K在另一个答案(图、节点、边、触发、执行等)中那样用表示/实现术语描述FRP。 有许多可能的实现风格，但没有一种实现说明FRP是什么。

I do resonate with Laurence G's simple description that FRP is about "datatypes that represent a value 'over time' ". Conventional imperative programming captures these dynamic values only indirectly, through state and mutations. The complete history (past, present, future) has no first class representation. Moreover, only discretely evolving values can be (indirectly) captured, since the imperative paradigm is temporally discrete. In contrast, FRP captures these evolving values directly and has no difficulty with continuously evolving values.

FRP is also unusual in that it is concurrent without running afoul of the theoretical & pragmatic rats' nest that plagues imperative concurrency. Semantically, FRP's concurrency is fine-grained, determinate, and continuous. (I'm talking about meaning, not implementation. An implementation may or may not involve concurrency or parallelism.) Semantic determinacy is very important for reasoning, both rigorous and informal. While concurrency adds enormous complexity to imperative programming (due to nondeterministic interleaving), it is effortless in FRP.

那么，什么是FRP? 你可以自己发明的。 从这些想法开始:

Dynamic/evolving values (i.e., values "over time") are first class values in themselves. You can define them and combine them, pass them into & out of functions. I called these things "behaviors". Behaviors are built up out of a few primitives, like constant (static) behaviors and time (like a clock), and then with sequential and parallel combination. n behaviors are combined by applying an n-ary function (on static values), "point-wise", i.e., continuously over time. To account for discrete phenomena, have another type (family) of "events", each of which has a stream (finite or infinite) of occurrences. Each occurrence has an associated time and value. To come up with the compositional vocabulary out of which all behaviors and events can be built, play with some examples. Keep deconstructing into pieces that are more general/simple. So that you know you're on solid ground, give the whole model a compositional foundation, using the technique of denotational semantics, which just means that (a) each type has a corresponding simple & precise mathematical type of "meanings", and (b) each primitive and operator has a simple & precise meaning as a function of the meanings of the constituents. Never, ever mix implementation considerations into your exploration process. If this description is gibberish to you, consult (a) Denotational design with type class morphisms, (b) Push-pull functional reactive programming (ignoring the implementation bits), and (c) the Denotational Semantics Haskell wikibooks page. Beware that denotational semantics has two parts, from its two founders Christopher Strachey and Dana Scott: the easier & more useful Strachey part and the harder and less useful (for software design) Scott part.

如果你坚持这些原则，我希望你能得到或多或少符合FRP精神的东西。

Where did I get these principles? In software design, I always ask the same question: "what does it mean?". Denotational semantics gave me a precise framework for this question, and one that fits my aesthetics (unlike operational or axiomatic semantics, both of which leave me unsatisfied). So I asked myself what is behavior? I soon realized that the temporally discrete nature of imperative computation is an accommodation to a particular style of machine, rather than a natural description of behavior itself. The simplest precise description of behavior I can think of is simply "function of (continuous) time", so that's my model. Delightfully, this model handles continuous, deterministic concurrency with ease and grace.

正确有效地实现这个模型是一个相当大的挑战，但那是另一个故事了。