是否有一种方法可以动态地获取函数的函数参数名?

假设我的函数是这样的

function doSomething(param1, param2, .... paramN){
   // fill an array with the parameter name and value
   // some other code 
}

现在,我如何从函数内部获得参数名称及其值的列表到数组中?


当前回答

注意:如果你想使用ES6参数解构与顶部解决方案添加下面的行。

if (result[0] === '{' && result[result.length - 1 === '}']) result = result.slice(1, -1)

其他回答

从@jack-allan中得到答案,我稍微修改了函数,以允许ES6的默认属性,如:

function( a, b = 1, c ){};

仍然返回['a', 'b']

/**
 * Get the keys of the paramaters of a function.
 *
 * @param {function} method  Function to get parameter keys for
 * @return {array}
 */
var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
var ARGUMENT_NAMES = /(?:^|,)\s*([^\s,=]+)/g;
function getFunctionParameters ( func ) {
    var fnStr = func.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
    var argsList = fnStr.slice(fnStr.indexOf('(')+1, fnStr.indexOf(')'));
    var result = argsList.match( ARGUMENT_NAMES );

    if(result === null) {
        return [];
    }
    else {
        var stripped = [];
        for ( var i = 0; i < result.length; i++  ) {
            stripped.push( result[i].replace(/[\s,]/g, '') );
        }
        return stripped;
    }
}

我以前试过这样做,但从来没有找到一个实用的方法来完成它。我最终传递了一个对象,然后循环遍历它。

//define like
function test(args) {
    for(var item in args) {
        alert(item);
        alert(args[item]);
    }
}

//then used like
test({
    name:"Joe",
    age:40,
    admin:bool
});

好了,这是个老问题,有很多足够的答案。 下面是我提供的不使用正则表达式的产品,除了去除空白的琐碎任务。(我应该注意到,“strips_comments”函数实际上是将它们分隔开来,而不是从物理上删除它们。这是因为我在其他地方使用它,由于各种原因需要原始非注释令牌的位置保持完整)

这是一个相当长的代码块,因为这个粘贴包含一个迷你测试框架。

    function do_tests(func) {

    if (typeof func !== 'function') return true;
    switch (typeof func.tests) {
        case 'undefined' : return true;
        case 'object'    : 
            for (var k in func.tests) {

                var test = func.tests[k];
                if (typeof test==='function') {
                    var result = test(func);
                    if (result===false) {
                        console.log(test.name,'for',func.name,'failed');
                        return false;
                    }
                }

            }
            return true;
        case 'function'  : 
            return func.tests(func);
    }
    return true;
} 
function strip_comments(src) {

    var spaces=(s)=>{
        switch (s) {
            case 0 : return '';
            case 1 : return ' ';
            case 2 : return '  ';
        default : 
            return Array(s+1).join(' ');
        }
    };

    var c1 = src.indexOf ('/*'),
        c2 = src.indexOf ('//'),
        eol;

    var out = "";

    var killc2 = () => {
                out += src.substr(0,c2);
                eol =  src.indexOf('\n',c2);
                if (eol>=0) {
                    src = spaces(eol-c2)+'\n'+src.substr(eol+1);
                } else {
                    src = spaces(src.length-c2);
                    return true;
                }

             return false;
         };

    while ((c1>=0) || (c2>=0)) {
         if (c1>=0) {
             // c1 is a hit
             if ( (c1<c2) || (c2<0) )  {
                 // and it beats c2
                 out += src.substr(0,c1);
                 eol = src.indexOf('*/',c1+2);
                 if (eol>=0) {
                      src = spaces((eol-c1)+2)+src.substr(eol+2);
                 } else {
                      src = spaces(src.length-c1);
                      break;
                 }
             } else {

                 if (c2 >=0) {
                     // c2 is a hit and it beats c1
                     if (killc2()) break;
                 }
             }
         } else {
             if (c2>=0) {
                // c2 is a hit, c1 is a miss.
                if (killc2()) break;  
             } else {
                 // both c1 & c2 are a miss
                 break;
             }
         }

         c1 = src.indexOf ('/*');
         c2 = src.indexOf ('//');   
        }

    return out + src;
}

function function_args(fn) {
    var src = strip_comments(fn.toString());
    var names=src.split(')')[0].replace(/\s/g,'').split('(')[1].split(',');
    return names;
}

function_args.tests = [

     function test1 () {

            function/*al programmers will sometimes*/strip_comments_tester/* because some comments are annoying*/(
            /*see this---(((*/ src//)) it's an annoying comment does not help anyone understand if the 
            ,code,//really does
            /**/sucks ,much /*?*/)/*who would put "comment\" about a function like (this) { comment } here?*/{

            }


        var data = function_args(strip_comments_tester);

        return ( (data.length==4) &&
                 (data[0]=='src') &&
                 (data[1]=='code') &&
                 (data[2]=='sucks') &&
                 (data[3]=='much')  );

    }

];
do_tests(function_args);

这很简单。

At the first there is a deprecated arguments.callee — a reference to called function. At the second if you have a reference to your function you can easily get their textual representation. At the third if you calling your function as constructor you can also have a link via yourObject.constructor. NB: The first solution deprecated so if you can't to not use it you must also think about your app architecture. If you don't need exact variable names just use inside a function internal variable arguments without any magic.

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments/callee

它们都将调用toString并将其替换为re,这样我们就可以创建一个helper:

// getting names of declared parameters
var getFunctionParams = function (func) {
    return String(func).replace(/[^\(]+\(([^\)]*)\).*/m, '$1');
}

一些例子:

// Solution 1. deprecated! don't use it!
var myPrivateFunction = function SomeFuncName (foo, bar, buz) {
    console.log(getFunctionParams(arguments.callee));
};
myPrivateFunction (1, 2);

// Solution 2.
var myFunction = function someFunc (foo, bar, buz) {
    // some code
};
var params = getFunctionParams(myFunction);
console.log(params);

// Solution 3.
var cls = function SuperKewlClass (foo, bar, buz) {
    // some code
};
var inst = new cls();
var params = getFunctionParams(inst.constructor);
console.log(params);

享受与JS!

UPD:实际上杰克·艾伦提供了一个更好的解决方案。GJ杰克!

你可以使用"arguments"属性访问传递给函数的参数值。

    function doSomething()
    {
        var args = doSomething.arguments;
        var numArgs = args.length;
        for(var i = 0 ; i < numArgs ; i++)
        {
            console.log("arg " + (i+1) + " = " + args[i]);  
                    //console.log works with firefox + firebug
                    // you can use an alert to check in other browsers
        }
    }

    doSomething(1, '2', {A:2}, [1,2,3]);