简单，适用于python 3.4及以上版本

print (type(variable_name))

Python 2.7及以上版本

print type(variable_name)

对于python2.x，请使用

print type(variable_name)

对于python3.x，请使用

print(type(variable_name))

您应该使用type（）函数。像这样：

my_variable = 5

print(type(my_variable)) # Would print out <class 'int'>

此函数将查看任何变量的类型，无论是列表还是类。查看此网站了解更多信息：https://www.w3schools.com/python/ref_func_type.asp

Python中的简单类型检查示例：

assert type(variable_name) == int

assert type(variable_name) == bool

assert type(variable_name) == list

python中有许多数据类型，如：

Text Type:  str
Numeric Types:  int, float, complex
Sequence Types: list, tuple, range
Mapping Type:   dict
Set Types:  set, frozenset
Boolean Type:   bool
Binary Types:   bytes, bytearray, memoryview
None Type:  NoneType

在这里，我写了一个代码，其中有一个包含所有类型数据类型的列表示例，并打印它们的类型

L = [
    "Hello World",
    20,
    20.5,
    1j,
    ["apple", "banana", "cherry"],
    ("apple", "banana", "cherry"),
    range(6),
    {"name" : "John", "age" : 36},
    {"apple", "banana", "cherry"},
    frozenset({"apple", "banana", "cherry"}),
    True,
    b"Hello",
    bytearray(5),
    memoryview(bytes(5)),
    None
]
for _ in range(len(L)):
    print(type(L[_]))

输出：

<class 'str'>
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'complex'>
<class 'list'>
<class 'tuple'>
<class 'range'>
<class 'dict'>
<class 'set'>
<class 'frozenset'>
<class 'bool'>
<class 'bytes'>
<class 'bytearray'>
<class 'memoryview'>
<class 'NoneType'>

a = "cool"
type(a)

//result 'str'
<class 'str'>
or 
do 
`dir(a)` 
to see the list of inbuilt methods you can have on the variable.