EntityManager.merge()可以插入新对象并更新现有对象。
为什么要使用persist()(它只能创建新对象)?
EntityManager.merge()可以插入新对象并更新现有对象。
为什么要使用persist()(它只能创建新对象)?
当前回答
如果您正在使用分配的生成器,使用merge而不是持久化可能会导致冗余SQL语句,从而影响性能。
另外,对托管实体调用merge也是一个错误,因为托管实体是由Hibernate自动管理的,并且它们的状态在刷新持久性上下文时通过脏检查机制与数据库记录同步。
要理解这一切是如何工作的,首先应该知道Hibernate将开发人员的思维模式从SQL语句转换为实体状态转换。
一旦一个实体被Hibernate主动管理,所有的更改都将自动传播到数据库中。
Hibernate监视当前附加的实体。但是要使实体受到管理,它必须处于正确的实体状态。
为了更好地理解JPA状态转换,您可以将下面的图可视化:
或者如果你使用Hibernate特定的API:
如上图所示,一个实体可以处于以下四种状态之一:
新(瞬态)
如果一个新创建的对象从未与Hibernate会话(也就是持久化上下文)关联过,也没有映射到任何数据库表行,则认为该对象处于New (Transient)状态。
要成为持久化,我们需要显式地调用EntityManager#persist方法,或者使用传递持久化机制。
Persistent (Managed) A persistent entity has been associated with a database table row and it’s being managed by the currently running Persistence Context. Any change made to such an entity is going to be detected and propagated to the database (during the Session flush-time). With Hibernate, we no longer have to execute INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements. Hibernate employs a transactional write-behind working style and changes are synchronized at the very last responsible moment, during the current Session flush-time. Detached
一旦当前运行的持久性上下文被关闭,所有以前管理的实体将被分离。连续的更改将不再被跟踪,也不会发生自动的数据库同步。
要将分离实体关联到活动Hibernate会话,您可以选择以下选项之一:
Reattaching Hibernate (but not JPA 2.1) supports reattaching through the Session#update method. A Hibernate Session can only associate one Entity object for a given database row. This is because the Persistence Context acts as an in-memory cache (first level cache) and only one value (entity) is associated with a given key (entity type and database identifier). An entity can be reattached only if there is no other JVM object (matching the same database row) already associated with the current Hibernate Session. Merging The merge is going to copy the detached entity state (source) to a managed entity instance (destination). If the merging entity has no equivalent in the current Session, one will be fetched from the database. The detached object instance will continue to remain detached even after the merge operation. Remove Although JPA demands that managed entities only are allowed to be removed, Hibernate can also delete detached entities (but only through a Session#delete method call). A removed entity is only scheduled for deletion and the actual database DELETE statement will be executed during Session flush-time.
其他回答
我注意到,当我使用em.merge时,每个INSERT都有一个SELECT语句,即使JPA没有为我生成字段——主键字段是我自己设置的UUID。我切换到em.persist(myEntityObject),然后只得到INSERT语句。
我在我的实体上得到了lazyLoading异常,因为我试图访问一个会话中的惰性加载集合。
我要做的是在一个单独的请求中,从会话检索实体,然后尝试访问我的jsp页面中的一个集合,这是有问题的。
为了缓解这个问题,我在控制器中更新了相同的实体,并将其传递给我的jsp,尽管我想象当我在会话中重新保存时,它也可以通过SessionScope访问,而不会抛出一个LazyLoadingException,这是示例2的修改:
以下是我行之有效的方法:
// scenario 2 MY WAY
// tran starts
e = new MyEntity();
e = em.merge(e); // re-assign to the same entity "e"
//access e from jsp and it will work dandy!!
persist(entity)应该与全新的实体一起使用,将它们添加到DB(如果实体已经存在于DB中,则会抛出EntityExistsException)。
应该使用Merge(实体),如果实体被分离并被更改,则将实体放回持久性上下文中。
可能持久是生成INSERT sql语句和合并UPDATE sql语句(但我不确定)。
通过回答,有一些关于“Cascade”和id生成的细节缺失。看到问题
此外,值得一提的是,您可以为合并和持久化使用单独的Cascade注释:Cascade。合并和级联。PERSIST将根据使用的方法进行处理。
规格是你的朋友;)
如果您正在使用分配的生成器,使用merge而不是持久化可能会导致冗余SQL语句,从而影响性能。
另外,对托管实体调用merge也是一个错误,因为托管实体是由Hibernate自动管理的,并且它们的状态在刷新持久性上下文时通过脏检查机制与数据库记录同步。
要理解这一切是如何工作的,首先应该知道Hibernate将开发人员的思维模式从SQL语句转换为实体状态转换。
一旦一个实体被Hibernate主动管理,所有的更改都将自动传播到数据库中。
Hibernate监视当前附加的实体。但是要使实体受到管理,它必须处于正确的实体状态。
为了更好地理解JPA状态转换,您可以将下面的图可视化:
或者如果你使用Hibernate特定的API:
如上图所示,一个实体可以处于以下四种状态之一:
新(瞬态)
如果一个新创建的对象从未与Hibernate会话(也就是持久化上下文)关联过,也没有映射到任何数据库表行,则认为该对象处于New (Transient)状态。
要成为持久化,我们需要显式地调用EntityManager#persist方法,或者使用传递持久化机制。
Persistent (Managed) A persistent entity has been associated with a database table row and it’s being managed by the currently running Persistence Context. Any change made to such an entity is going to be detected and propagated to the database (during the Session flush-time). With Hibernate, we no longer have to execute INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE statements. Hibernate employs a transactional write-behind working style and changes are synchronized at the very last responsible moment, during the current Session flush-time. Detached
一旦当前运行的持久性上下文被关闭,所有以前管理的实体将被分离。连续的更改将不再被跟踪,也不会发生自动的数据库同步。
要将分离实体关联到活动Hibernate会话,您可以选择以下选项之一:
Reattaching Hibernate (but not JPA 2.1) supports reattaching through the Session#update method. A Hibernate Session can only associate one Entity object for a given database row. This is because the Persistence Context acts as an in-memory cache (first level cache) and only one value (entity) is associated with a given key (entity type and database identifier). An entity can be reattached only if there is no other JVM object (matching the same database row) already associated with the current Hibernate Session. Merging The merge is going to copy the detached entity state (source) to a managed entity instance (destination). If the merging entity has no equivalent in the current Session, one will be fetched from the database. The detached object instance will continue to remain detached even after the merge operation. Remove Although JPA demands that managed entities only are allowed to be removed, Hibernate can also delete detached entities (but only through a Session#delete method call). A removed entity is only scheduled for deletion and the actual database DELETE statement will be executed during Session flush-time.