我尝试了几乎所有这些功能，但很快就注意到缺少一些功能，尤其是系统管理员用户。在我们即将进行的审计中，有这样一个洞会很不好看，所以我想出了这个

USE master
GO

SELECT DISTINCT 
        p.name AS [loginname] ,
        --p.type,
        p.type_desc ,
        p.is_disabled,
        s.sysadmin,
        sp.permission_name
FROM sys.server_principals p
INNER JOIN sys.syslogins s ON p.sid = s.sid
INNER JOIN sys.server_permissions sp ON p.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id
WHERE p.type_desc IN ('SQL_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_LOGIN', 'WINDOWS_GROUP')
    -- Logins that are not process logins
    AND p.name NOT LIKE '##%'
ORDER BY p.name
GO

这是我第一次根据安多马的建议回答问题。此查询旨在提供用户直接应用到用户帐户或通过该帐户应用的权限列表 用户拥有的角色。

/*
Security Audit Report
1) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly 
2) List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
3) List all access provisioned to the public role

Columns Returned:
UserName        : SQL or Windows/Active Directory user account.  This could also be an Active Directory group.
UserType        : Value will be either 'SQL User' or 'Windows User'.  This reflects the type of user defined for the 
                  SQL Server user account.
DatabaseUserName: Name of the associated user as defined in the database user account.  The database user may not be the
                  same as the server user.
Role            : The role name.  This will be null if the associated permissions to the object are defined at directly
                  on the user account, otherwise this will be the name of the role that the user is a member of.
PermissionType  : Type of permissions the user/role has on an object. Examples could include CONNECT, EXECUTE, SELECT
                  DELETE, INSERT, ALTER, CONTROL, TAKE OWNERSHIP, VIEW DEFINITION, etc.
                  This value may not be populated for all roles.  Some built in roles have implicit permission
                  definitions.
PermissionState : Reflects the state of the permission type, examples could include GRANT, DENY, etc.
                  This value may not be populated for all roles.  Some built in roles have implicit permission
                  definitions.
ObjectType      : Type of object the user/role is assigned permissions on.  Examples could include USER_TABLE, 
                  SQL_SCALAR_FUNCTION, SQL_INLINE_TABLE_VALUED_FUNCTION, SQL_STORED_PROCEDURE, VIEW, etc.   
                  This value may not be populated for all roles.  Some built in roles have implicit permission
                  definitions.          
ObjectName      : Name of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on.  
                  This value may not be populated for all roles.  Some built in roles have implicit permission
                  definitions.
ColumnName      : Name of the column of the object that the user/role is assigned permissions on. This value
                  is only populated if the object is a table, view or a table value function.                 
*/

--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group directly 
SELECT  
    [UserName] = CASE princ.[type] 
                    WHEN 'S' THEN princ.[name]
                    WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
                 END,
    [UserType] = CASE princ.[type]
                    WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
                    WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
                 END,  
    [DatabaseUserName] = princ.[name],       
    [Role] = null,      
    [PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],       
    [PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],       
    [ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],       
    [ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
    [ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM    
    --database user
    sys.database_principals princ  
LEFT JOIN
    --Login accounts
    sys.login_token ulogin on princ.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN        
    --Permissions
    sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = princ.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
    --Table columns
    sys.columns col ON col.[object_id] = perm.major_id 
                    AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
    sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
WHERE 
    princ.[type] in ('S','U')
UNION
--List all access provisioned to a sql user or windows user/group through a database or application role
SELECT  
    [UserName] = CASE memberprinc.[type] 
                    WHEN 'S' THEN memberprinc.[name]
                    WHEN 'U' THEN ulogin.[name] COLLATE Latin1_General_CI_AI
                 END,
    [UserType] = CASE memberprinc.[type]
                    WHEN 'S' THEN 'SQL User'
                    WHEN 'U' THEN 'Windows User'
                 END, 
    [DatabaseUserName] = memberprinc.[name],   
    [Role] = roleprinc.[name],      
    [PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],       
    [PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],       
    [ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],   
    [ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
    [ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM    
    --Role/member associations
    sys.database_role_members members
JOIN
    --Roles
    sys.database_principals roleprinc ON roleprinc.[principal_id] = members.[role_principal_id]
JOIN
    --Role members (database users)
    sys.database_principals memberprinc ON memberprinc.[principal_id] = members.[member_principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
    --Login accounts
    sys.login_token ulogin on memberprinc.[sid] = ulogin.[sid]
LEFT JOIN        
    --Permissions
    sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
    --Table columns
    sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id 
                    AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
LEFT JOIN
    sys.objects obj ON perm.[major_id] = obj.[object_id]
UNION
--List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
SELECT  
    [UserName] = '{All Users}',
    [UserType] = '{All Users}', 
    [DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',       
    [Role] = roleprinc.[name],      
    [PermissionType] = perm.[permission_name],       
    [PermissionState] = perm.[state_desc],       
    [ObjectType] = obj.type_desc,--perm.[class_desc],  
    [ObjectName] = OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
    [ColumnName] = col.[name]
FROM    
    --Roles
    sys.database_principals roleprinc
LEFT JOIN        
    --Role permissions
    sys.database_permissions perm ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
LEFT JOIN
    --Table columns
    sys.columns col on col.[object_id] = perm.major_id 
                    AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]                   
JOIN 
    --All objects   
    sys.objects obj ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
WHERE
    --Only roles
    roleprinc.[type] = 'R' AND
    --Only public role
    roleprinc.[name] = 'public' AND
    --Only objects of ours, not the MS objects
    obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
ORDER BY
    princ.[Name],
    OBJECT_NAME(perm.major_id),
    col.[name],
    perm.[permission_name],
    perm.[state_desc],
    obj.type_desc--perm.[class_desc] 

从SQL Server 2005开始，您可以使用系统视图来实现这一点。例如，这个查询列出了数据库中的所有用户及其权限:

select  princ.name
,       princ.type_desc
,       perm.permission_name
,       perm.state_desc
,       perm.class_desc
,       object_name(perm.major_id)
from    sys.database_principals princ
left join
        sys.database_permissions perm
on      perm.grantee_principal_id = princ.principal_id

请注意，用户也可以通过角色拥有权限。例如，db_data_reader角色授予对大多数对象的选择权限。

我只是在Jeremy的回答中添加了以下内容，因为我有一个分配给数据库db_datareader的角色，该角色没有显示该角色拥有的权限。我试着查看每个人帖子中的所有答案，但找不到任何可以做到这一点的答案，所以我添加了自己的问题。

    SELECT 
    UserType='Role', 
    DatabaseUserName = '{Role Members}',
    LoginName = DP2.name,
    Role = DP1.name,
    'SELECT' AS [PermissionType] ,
    [PermissionState]  = 'GRANT',
    [ObjectType] = 'Table',
    [Schema] = 'dbo',
    [ObjectName] = 'All Tables',
    [ColumnName] = NULL
FROM sys.database_role_members AS DRM  
RIGHT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DP1  
    ON DRM.role_principal_id = DP1.principal_id  
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.database_principals AS DP2  
    ON DRM.member_principal_id = DP2.principal_id  
WHERE DP1.type = 'R'
AND DP2.name IS NOT NULL

不幸的是，由于声誉不够，我无法评论Sean Rose的帖子，但是我不得不修改脚本的“公共”角色部分，因为它没有显示针对sys.objects的(INNER) JOIN权限。在它被更改为LEFT JOIN之后，我不得不进一步修改where子句逻辑以省略系统对象。我对公众烫发的修改查询如下。

--3) List all access provisioned to the public role, which everyone gets by default
    SELECT
        @@servername ServerName
        , db_name() DatabaseName
        , [UserType]         = '{All Users}',
        [DatabaseUserName] = '{All Users}',
        [LoginName]        = '{All Users}',
        [Role]             = roleprinc.[name],
        [PermissionType]   = perm.[permission_name],
        [PermissionState]  = perm.[state_desc],
        [ObjectType] = CASE perm.[class]
                           WHEN 1 THEN obj.[type_desc]        -- Schema-contained objects
                           ELSE perm.[class_desc]             -- Higher-level objects
                       END,
        [Schema] = objschem.[name],
        [ObjectName] = CASE perm.[class]
                           WHEN 3 THEN permschem.[name]       -- Schemas
                           WHEN 4 THEN imp.[name]             -- Impersonations
                           ELSE OBJECT_NAME(perm.[major_id])  -- General objects
                       END,
        [ColumnName] = col.[name]
    FROM
        --Roles
        sys.database_principals            AS roleprinc
        --Role permissions
        LEFT JOIN sys.database_permissions AS perm      ON perm.[grantee_principal_id] = roleprinc.[principal_id]
        LEFT JOIN sys.schemas              AS permschem ON permschem.[schema_id] = perm.[major_id]
        --All objects
        LEFT JOIN sys.objects              AS obj       ON obj.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
        LEFT JOIN sys.schemas              AS objschem  ON objschem.[schema_id] = obj.[schema_id]
        --Table columns
        LEFT JOIN sys.columns              AS col       ON col.[object_id] = perm.[major_id]
                                                           AND col.[column_id] = perm.[minor_id]
        --Impersonations
        LEFT JOIN sys.database_principals  AS imp       ON imp.[principal_id] = perm.[major_id]
    WHERE
        roleprinc.[type] = 'R'
        AND roleprinc.[name] = 'public'
        AND isnull(obj.[is_ms_shipped], 0) = 0
        AND isnull(object_schema_name(perm.[major_id]), '') <> 'sys'

ORDER BY
    [UserType],
    [DatabaseUserName],
    [LoginName],
    [Role],
    [Schema],
    [ObjectName],
    [ColumnName],
    [PermissionType],
    [PermissionState],
    [ObjectType]

上面的GetPermissions存储过程很好，但是它使用Sp_msforeachdb，这意味着如果您的SQL实例有任何数据库名称，其中包括空格或虚线和其他非最佳实践字符，它将中断。我创建了一个避免使用Sp_msforeachdb的版本，它还包括两个列，分别表示1(如果登录是系统管理员登录(IsSysAdminLogin))和2(如果登录是孤儿用户(IsEmptyRow))。

USE [master] ;
GO
IF EXISTS
(
    SELECT * FROM sys.objects
    WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns')
    AND [type] in (N'P',N'PC')
)
BEGIN
    DROP PROCEDURE dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns ;
END
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
;
BEGIN TRY
    IF EXISTS
    (
        SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
        WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#permission]')
    )
    DROP TABLE #permission
    ;
    IF EXISTS
    (
        SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
        WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#userroles_kk]')
    )
    DROP TABLE #userroles_kk
    ;
    IF EXISTS
    (
        SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
        WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[#rolemember_kk]')
    )
    DROP TABLE #rolemember_kk
    ;
    IF EXISTS
    (
        SELECT * FROM tempdb.dbo.sysobjects
        WHERE id = object_id(N'[tempdb].dbo.[##db_name]')
    )
    DROP TABLE ##db_name
    ;
    DECLARE
    @db_name VARCHAR(255)
    ,@sql_text VARCHAR(MAX) 
    ;
    SET @sql_text =
    'CREATE TABLE ##db_name
    (
        LoginUserName VARCHAR(MAX)
        ,' 
    ;
    DECLARE cursDBs CURSOR FOR 
        SELECT [name]
        FROM sys.databases
        ORDER BY [name]
    ;
    OPEN cursDBs 
    ;
    FETCH NEXT FROM cursDBs INTO @db_name 
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
        BEGIN 
                SET @sql_text =
        @sql_text + QUOTENAME(@db_name) + ' VARCHAR(MAX)
        ,' 
                FETCH NEXT FROM cursDBs INTO @db_name 
        END 
    CLOSE cursDBs 
    ;
    SET @sql_text =
        @sql_text + 'IsSysAdminLogin CHAR(1)
        ,IsEmptyRow CHAR(1)
    )' 

    --PRINT @sql_text
    EXEC (@sql_text)
    ;
    DEALLOCATE cursDBs 
    ;
    DECLARE
    @RoleName VARCHAR(255) 
    ,@UserName VARCHAR(255) 
    ;
    CREATE TABLE #permission 
    (
     LoginUserName VARCHAR(255)
     ,databasename VARCHAR(255)
     ,[role] VARCHAR(255)
    ) 
    ;
    DECLARE cursSysSrvPrinName CURSOR FOR 
        SELECT [name]
        FROM sys.server_principals 
        WHERE
        [type] IN ( 'S', 'U', 'G' )
        AND principal_id > 4
        AND [name] NOT LIKE '##%'
        ORDER BY [name]
    ;
    OPEN cursSysSrvPrinName
    ;
    FETCH NEXT FROM cursSysSrvPrinName INTO @UserName 
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
    BEGIN 
        CREATE TABLE #userroles_kk 
        ( 
             databasename VARCHAR(255)
             ,[role] VARCHAR(255)
        ) 
        ;
        CREATE TABLE #rolemember_kk 
        ( 
             dbrole VARCHAR(255)
             ,membername VARCHAR(255)
             ,membersid VARBINARY(2048)
        ) 
        ;
        DECLARE cursDatabases CURSOR FAST_FORWARD LOCAL FOR
        SELECT [name]
        FROM sys.databases
        ORDER BY [name]
        ;
        OPEN cursDatabases
        ;
        DECLARE 
        @DBN VARCHAR(255)
        ,@sqlText NVARCHAR(4000)
        ;
        FETCH NEXT FROM cursDatabases INTO @DBN
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN
            SET @sqlText =
    N'USE ' + QUOTENAME(@DBN) + ';
    TRUNCATE TABLE #RoleMember_kk 
    INSERT INTO #RoleMember_kk 
    EXEC sp_helprolemember 
    INSERT INTO #UserRoles_kk
    (DatabaseName,[Role])
    SELECT db_name(),dbRole
    FROM #RoleMember_kk
    WHERE MemberName = ''' + @UserName + '''
    '

            --PRINT @sqlText ;
            EXEC sp_executesql @sqlText ;
        FETCH NEXT FROM cursDatabases INTO @DBN
        END
        CLOSE cursDatabases
        ;
        DEALLOCATE cursDatabases
        ;
        INSERT INTO #permission 
        SELECT
        @UserName 'user'
        ,b.name
        ,u.[role]
        FROM
        sys.sysdatabases b
        LEFT JOIN
        #userroles_kk u 
            ON QUOTENAME(u.databasename) = QUOTENAME(b.name)
        ORDER  BY 1 
        ;
        DROP TABLE #userroles_kk
        ; 
        DROP TABLE #rolemember_kk
        ;
        FETCH NEXT FROM cursSysSrvPrinName INTO @UserName 
    END 
    CLOSE cursSysSrvPrinName 
    ;
    DEALLOCATE cursSysSrvPrinName 
    ;
    TRUNCATE TABLE ##db_name 
    ;
    DECLARE
    @d1 VARCHAR(MAX)
    ,@d2 VARCHAR(MAX)
    ,@d3 VARCHAR(MAX)
    ,@ss VARCHAR(MAX)
    ;
    DECLARE cursPermisTable CURSOR FOR
        SELECT * FROM #permission 
        ORDER BY 2 DESC 
    ;
    OPEN cursPermisTable
    ;
    FETCH NEXT FROM cursPermisTable INTO @d1,@d2,@d3
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 
    BEGIN 
        IF NOT EXISTS
        (
            SELECT 1 FROM ##db_name WHERE LoginUserName = @d1
        )
        BEGIN 
            SET @ss =
            'INSERT INTO ##db_name(LoginUserName) VALUES (''' + @d1 + ''')' 
            EXEC (@ss) 
            ;
            SET @ss =
            'UPDATE ##db_name SET ' + @d2 + ' = ''' + @d3 + ''' WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + '''' 
            EXEC (@ss)
            ;
        END 
        ELSE 
        BEGIN 
            DECLARE
            @var NVARCHAR(MAX)
            ,@ParmDefinition NVARCHAR(MAX)
            ,@var1 NVARCHAR(MAX)
            ;
            SET @var =
            N'SELECT @var1 = ' + QUOTENAME(@d2) + ' FROM ##db_name WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + ''''
            ; 
            SET @ParmDefinition =
            N'@var1 NVARCHAR(600) OUTPUT '
            ; 
            EXECUTE Sp_executesql @var,@ParmDefinition,@var1 = @var1 OUTPUT
            ;
            SET @var1 =
            ISNULL(@var1, ' ')
            ;
            SET @var =
            '  UPDATE ##db_name SET ' + @d2 + '=''' + @var1 + ' ' + @d3 + ''' WHERE LoginUserName = ''' + @d1 + '''  '
            ;
            EXEC (@var)
            ;
        END
        FETCH NEXT FROM cursPermisTable INTO @d1,@d2,@d3
    END 
    CLOSE cursPermisTable
    ;
    DEALLOCATE cursPermisTable 
    ;
    UPDATE ##db_name SET
    IsSysAdminLogin = 'Y'
    FROM
    ##db_name TT
    INNER JOIN
    dbo.syslogins SL
        ON TT.LoginUserName = SL.[name]
    WHERE
    SL.sysadmin = 1
    ;
    DECLARE cursDNamesAsColumns CURSOR FAST_FORWARD LOCAL FOR
    SELECT [name]
    FROM tempdb.sys.columns
    WHERE
    OBJECT_ID = OBJECT_ID('tempdb..##db_name')
    AND [name] NOT IN ('LoginUserName','IsEmptyRow')
    ORDER BY [name]
    ;
    OPEN cursDNamesAsColumns
    ;
    DECLARE 
    @ColN VARCHAR(255)
    ,@tSQLText NVARCHAR(4000)
    ;
    FETCH NEXT FROM cursDNamesAsColumns INTO @ColN
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
        SET @tSQLText =
N'UPDATE ##db_name SET
IsEmptyRow = ''N''
WHERE IsEmptyRow IS NULL
AND ' + QUOTENAME(@ColN) + ' IS NOT NULL
;
'

        --PRINT @tSQLText ;
        EXEC sp_executesql @tSQLText ;
    FETCH NEXT FROM cursDNamesAsColumns INTO @ColN
    END
    CLOSE cursDNamesAsColumns
    ;
    DEALLOCATE cursDNamesAsColumns
    ;
    UPDATE ##db_name SET
    IsEmptyRow = 'Y'
    WHERE IsEmptyRow IS NULL
    ;
    UPDATE ##db_name SET
    IsSysAdminLogin = 'N'
    FROM
    ##db_name TT
    INNER JOIN
    dbo.syslogins SL
        ON TT.LoginUserName = SL.[name]
    WHERE
    SL.sysadmin = 0
    ;
    SELECT * FROM ##db_name
    ;
    DROP TABLE ##db_name
    ;
    DROP TABLE #permission
    ;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
    DECLARE
    @cursDBs_Status INT
    ,@cursSysSrvPrinName_Status INT
    ,@cursDatabases_Status INT
    ,@cursPermisTable_Status INT
    ,@cursDNamesAsColumns_Status INT
    ;
    SELECT
    @cursDBs_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursDBs')
    ,@cursSysSrvPrinName_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursSysSrvPrinName')
    ,@cursDatabases_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursDatabases')
    ,@cursPermisTable_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursPermisTable')
    ,@cursDNamesAsColumns_Status = CURSOR_STATUS('GLOBAL','cursPermisTable')
    ;
    IF @cursDBs_Status > -2
        BEGIN
            CLOSE cursDBs ;
            DEALLOCATE cursDBs ;
        END
    IF @cursSysSrvPrinName_Status > -2
        BEGIN
            CLOSE cursSysSrvPrinName ;
            DEALLOCATE cursSysSrvPrinName ;
        END
    IF @cursDatabases_Status > -2
        BEGIN
            CLOSE cursDatabases ;
            DEALLOCATE cursDatabases ;
        END
    IF @cursPermisTable_Status > -2
        BEGIN
            CLOSE cursPermisTable ;
            DEALLOCATE cursPermisTable ;
        END
    IF @cursDNamesAsColumns_Status > -2
        BEGIN
            CLOSE cursDNamesAsColumns ;
            DEALLOCATE cursDNamesAsColumns ;
        END
    SELECT ErrorNum = ERROR_NUMBER(),ErrorMsg = ERROR_MESSAGE() ;
END CATCH
GO
/*
EXEC [master].dbo.uspGetPermissionsOfAllLogins_DBsOnColumns ;
*/