I am trying to write a batch file for my users to run from their Vista machines with UAC. The file is re-writing their hosts file, so it needs to be run with Administrator permissions. I need to be able to send them an email with a link to the .bat file. The desired behavior is that when they right-click on the file and say Open, they will get one of those UAC dialogs that makes the screen go dark and forces them to answer whether they want to give the application permission to run as administrator. Instead, they are just seeing "Access denied" on the command line window.

有可能采取不同的做法吗?


当前回答

本·格里普卡的解决方案导致了无限循环。他的批处理是这样工作的(伪代码):

IF "no admin privileges?"
    "write a VBS that calls this batch with admin privileges"
ELSE
    "execute actual commands that require admin privileges"

正如你所看到的,如果VBS请求管理员权限失败,这将导致一个无限循环。

但是,尽管已经成功请求了管理权限,但仍可能发生无限循环。

本·格里普卡批处理文件中的检查很容易出错。我对批处理进行了研究,并观察到尽管检查失败,但管理权限可用。有趣的是,如果我从windows资源管理器启动批处理文件,检查按预期工作,但当我从我的IDE启动它时,它没有。

所以我建议使用两个单独的批处理文件。第一个生成VBS,调用第二个批处理文件:

@echo off

echo Set UAC = CreateObject^("Shell.Application"^) > "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
set params = %*:"=""
echo UAC.ShellExecute "cmd.exe", "/c ""%~dp0\my_commands.bat"" %params%", "", "runas", 1 >> "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"

"%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
del "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"

第二个文件名为“my_commands.bat”,与第一个文件位于同一目录,包含您的实际命令:

pushd "%CD%"
CD /D "%~dp0"
REM Your commands which require admin privileges here

这不会导致无限循环,也会删除容易出错的管理特权检查。

其他回答

这是我的代码!它看起来很大,但主要是注释行(以::)开始的行)。

特点:

全参数转发 不更改工作文件夹 错误处理 接受带圆括号的路径(%TEMP%文件夹除外) 支持UNC路径 映射文件夹检查(警告你如果管理员不能访问映射驱动器) 可以用作外部库(查看我在这个主题的帖子:https://stackoverflow.com/a/30417025/4932683) 可以调用时/如果需要在您的代码中的任何地方

只需将其附加到批处理文件的末尾,或将其保存为库(如上所示)

:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:RequestAdminElevation FilePath %* || goto:eof
:: 
:: By:   Cyberponk,     v1.5 - 10/06/2016 - Changed the admin rights test method from cacls to fltmc
::          v1.4 - 17/05/2016 - Added instructions for arguments with ! char
::          v1.3 - 01/08/2015 - Fixed not returning to original folder after elevation successful
::          v1.2 - 30/07/2015 - Added error message when running from mapped drive
::          v1.1 - 01/06/2015
:: 
:: Func: opens an admin elevation prompt. If elevated, runs everything after the function call, with elevated rights.
:: Returns: -1 if elevation was requested
::           0 if elevation was successful
::           1 if an error occured
:: 
:: USAGE:
:: If function is copied to a batch file:
::     call :RequestAdminElevation "%~dpf0" %* || goto:eof
::
:: If called as an external library (from a separate batch file):
::     set "_DeleteOnExit=0" on Options
::     (call :RequestAdminElevation "%~dpf0" %* || goto:eof) && CD /D %CD%
::
:: If called from inside another CALL, you must set "_ThisFile=%~dpf0" at the beginning of the file
::     call :RequestAdminElevation "%_ThisFile%" %* || goto:eof
::
:: If you need to use the ! char in the arguments, the calling must be done like this, and afterwards you must use %args% to get the correct arguments:
::      set "args=%* "
::      call :RequestAdminElevation .....   use one of the above but replace the %* with %args:!={a)%
::      set "args=%args:{a)=!%" 
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
setlocal ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION & set "_FilePath=%~1"
  if NOT EXIST "!_FilePath!" (echo/Read RequestAdminElevation usage information)
  :: UAC.ShellExecute only works with 8.3 filename, so use %~s1
  set "_FN=_%~ns1" & echo/%TEMP%| findstr /C:"(" >nul && (echo/ERROR: %%TEMP%% path can not contain parenthesis &pause &endlocal &fc;: 2>nul & goto:eof)
  :: Remove parenthesis from the temp filename
  set _FN=%_FN:(=%
  set _vbspath="%temp:~%\%_FN:)=%.vbs" & set "_batpath=%temp:~%\%_FN:)=%.bat"

  :: Test if we have admin rights
  fltmc >nul 2>&1 || goto :_getElevation

  :: Elevation successful
  (if exist %_vbspath% ( del %_vbspath% )) & (if exist %_batpath% ( del %_batpath% )) 
  :: Set ERRORLEVEL 0, set original folder and exit
  endlocal & CD /D "%~dp1" & ver >nul & goto:eof

  :_getElevation
  echo/Requesting elevation...
  :: Try to create %_vbspath% file. If failed, exit with ERRORLEVEL 1
  echo/Set UAC = CreateObject^("Shell.Application"^) > %_vbspath% || (echo/&echo/Unable to create %_vbspath% & endlocal &md; 2>nul &goto:eof) 
  echo/UAC.ShellExecute "%_batpath%", "", "", "runas", 1 >> %_vbspath% & echo/wscript.Quit(1)>> %_vbspath%
  :: Try to create %_batpath% file. If failed, exit with ERRORLEVEL 1
  echo/@%* > "%_batpath%" || (echo/&echo/Unable to create %_batpath% & endlocal &md; 2>nul &goto:eof)
  echo/@if %%errorlevel%%==9009 (echo/^&echo/Admin user could not read the batch file. If running from a mapped drive or UNC path, check if Admin user can read it.)^&echo/^& @if %%errorlevel%% NEQ 0 pause >> "%_batpath%"

  :: Run %_vbspath%, that calls %_batpath%, that calls the original file
  %_vbspath% && (echo/&echo/Failed to run VBscript %_vbspath% &endlocal &md; 2>nul & goto:eof)
  
  :: Vbscript has been run, exit with ERRORLEVEL -1
  echo/&echo/Elevation was requested on a new CMD window &endlocal &fc;: 2>nul & goto:eof
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

如何使用它的例子

:EXAMPLE
@echo off

 :: Run this script with elevation
 call :RequestAdminElevation "%~dpfs0" %* || goto:eof
 
  echo/I now have Admin rights!
  echo/
  echo/Arguments using %%args%%:    %args%
  echo/Arguments using %%*: %*
  echo/%%1= %~1
  echo/%%2= %~2
  echo/%%3= %~3

  echo/
  echo/Current Directory: %CD%
  echo/
  echo/This file: %0
  echo/

pause &goto:eof

[here you paste the RequestAdminElevation function code]

本·格里普卡的解决方案导致了无限循环。他的批处理是这样工作的(伪代码):

IF "no admin privileges?"
    "write a VBS that calls this batch with admin privileges"
ELSE
    "execute actual commands that require admin privileges"

正如你所看到的,如果VBS请求管理员权限失败,这将导致一个无限循环。

但是,尽管已经成功请求了管理权限,但仍可能发生无限循环。

本·格里普卡批处理文件中的检查很容易出错。我对批处理进行了研究,并观察到尽管检查失败,但管理权限可用。有趣的是,如果我从windows资源管理器启动批处理文件,检查按预期工作,但当我从我的IDE启动它时,它没有。

所以我建议使用两个单独的批处理文件。第一个生成VBS,调用第二个批处理文件:

@echo off

echo Set UAC = CreateObject^("Shell.Application"^) > "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
set params = %*:"=""
echo UAC.ShellExecute "cmd.exe", "/c ""%~dp0\my_commands.bat"" %params%", "", "runas", 1 >> "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"

"%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
del "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"

第二个文件名为“my_commands.bat”,与第一个文件位于同一目录,包含您的实际命令:

pushd "%CD%"
CD /D "%~dp0"
REM Your commands which require admin privileges here

这不会导致无限循环,也会删除容易出错的管理特权检查。

使用runas命令。但是,我不认为您可以轻松地通过电子邮件发送.bat文件。

这个脚本很有用!只需将其粘贴到bat文件的顶部。如果您想查看脚本的输出,请在批处理文件的底部添加“pause”命令。

更新:这个脚本现在稍微编辑了一下,以支持命令行参数和64位操作系统。

感谢能源@ https://sites.google.com/site/eneerge/scripts/batchgotadmin

@echo off

:: BatchGotAdmin
:-------------------------------------
REM  --> Check for permissions
    IF "%PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%" EQU "amd64" (
>nul 2>&1 "%SYSTEMROOT%\SysWOW64\cacls.exe" "%SYSTEMROOT%\SysWOW64\config\system"
) ELSE (
>nul 2>&1 "%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\cacls.exe" "%SYSTEMROOT%\system32\config\system"
)

REM --> If error flag set, we do not have admin.
if '%errorlevel%' NEQ '0' (
    echo Requesting administrative privileges...
    goto UACPrompt
) else ( goto gotAdmin )

:UACPrompt
    echo Set UAC = CreateObject^("Shell.Application"^) > "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
    set params= %*
    echo UAC.ShellExecute "cmd.exe", "/c ""%~s0"" %params:"=""%", "", "runas", 1 >> "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"

    "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
    del "%temp%\getadmin.vbs"
    exit /B

:gotAdmin
    pushd "%CD%"
    CD /D "%~dp0"
:--------------------------------------    
    <YOUR BATCH SCRIPT HERE>

还有来自这篇文章的FSUTIL查询,也在ss64.com上有链接,有以下代码:

@Echo Off
Setlocal
:: First check if we are running As Admin/Elevated
FSUTIL dirty query %SystemDrive% >nul
if %errorlevel% EQU 0 goto START

::Create and run a temporary VBScript to elevate this batch file
   Set _batchFile=%~f0
   Set _Args=%*
   :: double up any quotes
   Set _batchFile=""%_batchFile:"=%""
   Set _Args=%_Args:"=""%

   Echo Set UAC = CreateObject^("Shell.Application"^) > "%temp%\~ElevateMe.vbs"
   Echo UAC.ShellExecute "cmd", "/c ""%_batchFile% %_Args%""", "", "runas", 1 >> "%temp%\~ElevateMe.vbs"

   cscript "%temp%\~ElevateMe.vbs" 
   Exit /B

:START
:: set the current directory to the batch file location
cd /d %~dp0
:: Place the code which requires Admin/elevation below
Echo We are now running as admin [%1] [%2]
pause

只要FSUTIL存在,它就是一个可靠的替代方案。