我发现这两种解决方案更好，我自己尝试过

>>> expences = [2200, 2350, 2600, 2130, 2190]
>>> 2000 in expences
False
>>> expences.index(2200)
0
>>> expences.index(2350)
1
>>> index = expences.index(2350)
>>> expences[index]
2350

>>> try:
...     print(expences.index(2100))
... except ValueError as e:
...     print(e)
... 
2100 is not in list
>>> 

a = ["foo","bar","baz",'bar','any','much']

indexes = [index for index in range(len(a)) if a[index] == 'bar']

对于一个可比的

# Throws ValueError if nothing is found
some_list = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz'].index('baz')
# some_list == 2

自定义谓词

some_list = [item1, item2, item3]

# Throws StopIteration if nothing is found
# *unless* you provide a second parameter to `next`
index_of_value_you_like = next(
    i for i, item in enumerate(some_list)
    if item.matches_your_criteria())

按谓词查找所有项的索引

index_of_staff_members = [
    i for i, user in enumerate(users)
    if user.is_staff()]

Python方式将使用enumerate，但您也可以使用来自运算符模块的indexOf。请注意，如果b不在a中，这将引发ValueError。

>>> from operator import indexOf
>>>
>>>
>>> help(indexOf)
Help on built-in function indexOf in module _operator:

indexOf(a, b, /)
    Return the first index of b in a.

>>>
>>>
>>> indexOf(("foo", "bar", "baz"), "bar") # with tuple
1
>>> indexOf(["foo", "bar", "baz"], "bar") # with list
1

查找列表L中项目x的索引：

idx = L.index(x) if (x in L) else -1

如果性能令人担忧：

在许多答案中都提到，list.index（item）方法的内置方法是一个O（n）算法。如果您需要执行一次，这是很好的。但是，如果您需要多次访问元素的索引，那么首先创建一个项目索引对的字典（O（n）），然后在每次需要时访问O（1）处的索引更有意义。

如果您确定列表中的项目从未重复，您可以轻松地：

myList = ["foo", "bar", "baz"]

# Create the dictionary
myDict = dict((e,i) for i,e in enumerate(myList))

# Lookup
myDict["bar"] # Returns 1
# myDict.get("blah") if you don't want an error to be raised if element not found.

如果您可能有重复的元素，并且需要返回它们的所有索引：

from collections import defaultdict as dd
myList = ["foo", "bar", "bar", "baz", "foo"]

# Create the dictionary
myDict = dd(list)
for i,e in enumerate(myList):
    myDict[e].append(i)

# Lookup
myDict["foo"] # Returns [0, 4]