这个问题的解决方法是: 确保把这条线放好

%matplotlib inline

在代码头部

像这样

# In an IPython notebook¶
# This magic just sets up matplotlib's interactive mode
%matplotlib inline
# So you have to explicitely import the module into the namespace
import matplotlib.pyplot as pl
import numpy as np
# Create the figure object
fig = pl.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
x = np.arange(0, 4 * np.pi, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
pl.plot(x, y)

%matplotlib inline turns on “inline plotting”, where plot graphics will appear in your notebook. This has important implications for interactivity: for inline plotting, commands in cells below the cell that outputs a plot will not affect the plot. For example, changing the color map is not possible from cells below the cell that creates a plot. However, for other backends, such as qt4, that open a separate window, cells below those that create the plot will change the plot - it is a live object in memory. If you are not using matplotlib in interactive mode at all, figures will only appear if you invoke

有关%matplotlib内联的更多信息，请参阅此链接

可以在后端使用from agg to Tkinter TKAgg using命令更改matplotlib

matplotlib.use('TKAgg',warn=False, force=True)

运行 % matplotlib内联 曾经为我解决了这个问题。 我在这里找到了答案:当我在jupyter笔记本电脑中使用matplotlib时，它总是引发“matplotlib目前正在使用非gui后端”错误? 由用户Mulugeta Weldezgina

在导入时内联添加%matplotlib有助于平滑绘图 笔记本

%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline将matplotlib后端设置为“内联” 后端: 有了这个后端，绘图命令的输出将内联显示 就像Jupyter笔记本一样，在代码的正下方 产生它的细胞。生成的图形也将存储在 笔记本文档。

我的问题开始后，我使用pandas_profile(或类似的东西)，运行%matplotlib内联一次固定的背景从无头等。

在WSL上使用X服务器

确保您的X服务器工作正常。如果无法连接到X显示器，Matplotlib会提示此错误。

Windows防火墙配置

注意windows防火墙!我把WSL Debian换成了Ubuntu，不记得防火墙规则了。 我用这篇文章来配置windows防火墙规则，使X服务器正常工作。这种方法避免了过于宽松的规则，使得任何人都可以使用你的X服务器。

信上说:

如果您已经安装了X11服务器，Windows可能已经创建了防火墙规则，这些规则会打乱上面的配置。在“高级安全Windows防御防火墙”中搜索并删除它们。

You will now need to configure Windows Firewall to permit connections from WSL2 to the X11 display server. You will install the display server in the next step. We do this step first to avoid Windows Firewall from auto-creating an insecure firewall rule when you run the X11 display server. Many guides on X11 forwarding and WSL2 make this firewall rule too permissive, allowing connections from any computer to your computer. This means someone could theoretically, if they are on your same network, start sending graphical display information to your computer. To avoid this, we will make Windows Firewall only accept internet traffic from the WSL2 instance. To set this up, you can copy the below to a script and run it from within WSL2: #!/bin/sh LINUX_IP=$(ip addr | awk '/inet / && !/127.0.0.1/ {split($2,a,"/"); print a[1]}') WINDOWS_IP=$(ip route | awk '/^default/ {print $3}') # Elevate to administrator status then run netsh to add firewall rule powershell.exe -Command "Start-Process netsh.exe -ArgumentList \"advfirewall firewall add rule name=X11-Forwarding dir=in action=allow program=%ProgramFiles%\VcXsrv\vcxsrv.exe localip=$WINDOWS_IP remoteip=$LINUX_IP localport=6000 protocol=tcp\" -Verb RunAs"

手动方法:

Alternatively, you can manually add the rule through a GUI by doing the following: Open "Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security" Click add new rule brings up the New Rule Wizard (next to navigate between each section): Rule type: Custom Program: "This program path:" %ProgramFiles%\VcXsrv\vcxsrv.exe Protocol and ports Protocol type: TCP Local port: 6000 Remote port: any Scope Local IP address: Obtain the IP address to put in by running the below command in WSL2 ip route | awk '/^default/ {print $3}' remote IP addresses Obtain IP address to enter by running the below in WSL2 ip addr | awk '/inet / && !/127.0.0.1/ {split($2,a,"/"); print a[1]}' Action: "Allow the connection Profile: Selection Domain, Private, and Public Name: "X11 forwarding"

解决方案1:安装GUI后端tk

我找到了解决问题的方法(感谢ImportanceOfBeingErnest的帮助)。

我所要做的就是通过Linux bash终端使用以下命令安装tkinter:

sudo apt-get install python3-tk

而不是用pip或直接在Pycharm的虚拟环境中安装。

解决方案2:安装任何matplotlib支持的GUI后端

解决方案1工作得很好，因为你得到了一个GUI后端…在这种情况下是TkAgg 但是你也可以通过安装任何matplolib GUI后端来解决这个问题，比如Qt5Agg, GTKAgg, Qt4Agg等 例如，PIP安装pyqt5也将解决这个问题

注意:

通常，当你安装matplotlib并且你试图在GUI窗口中显示一个图形，而你没有用于GUI显示的python模块时，会出现这个错误。 matplotlib的作者使pypi软件deps不依赖于任何GUI后端，因为有些人需要matplotlib而不需要任何GUI后端。

如果您在基于debian的系统上使用pyenv安装python版本，请务必在安装pyenv之前运行sudo apt install tk-dev。如果已经安装，请使用pyenv卸载将其删除，并在安装tk-dev后重新安装。因此，在运行pyenv install时，不需要设置任何env变量。