我试图用pyplot绘制一个简单的图形,例如:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1,2,3],[5,7,4])
plt.show()

但是这个图没有出现,我得到了以下消息:

UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using agg, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.

我在几个地方看到必须使用以下命令更改matplotlib的配置:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

我这样做了,但得到了一个错误消息,因为它找不到一个模块:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tkinter'

然后,我尝试使用pip install tkinter(在虚拟环境中)安装“tkinter”,但它没有找到它:

Collecting tkinter
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tkinter (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for tkinter

我还应该提到,我是在使用虚拟环境的Pycharm Community Edition IDE上运行所有这些,并且我的操作系统是Linux/Ubuntu 18.04。

我想知道我如何解决这个问题,以便能够显示图形。


当前回答

运行 % matplotlib内联 曾经为我解决了这个问题。 我在这里找到了答案:当我在jupyter笔记本电脑中使用matplotlib时,它总是引发“matplotlib目前正在使用非gui后端”错误? 由用户Mulugeta Weldezgina

在导入时内联添加%matplotlib有助于平滑绘图 笔记本

%matplotlib inline
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline将matplotlib后端设置为“内联” 后端: 有了这个后端,绘图命令的输出将内联显示 就像Jupyter笔记本一样,在代码的正下方 产生它的细胞。生成的图形也将存储在 笔记本文档。

我的问题开始后,我使用pandas_profile(或类似的东西),运行%matplotlib内联一次固定的背景从无头等。

其他回答

如果你使用Arch Linux(发行版如Manjaro或Antegros),只需输入:

sudo pacman -S tk

一切都将完美地工作!

万一这能帮到谁呢。

Python版本:3.7.7 平台:Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

这是默认的python 3.6.9版本,但是我已经在上面安装了我自己的3.7.7版本的python(安装从源代码构建它)

即使帮助('module')在列表中显示Tkinter, Tkinter也没有工作。

下面的步骤对我很有效:

Sudo apt-get install tk-dev。

重新构建python: 1. 导航到你的python文件夹并运行检查:

cd Python-3.7.7
sudo ./configure --enable-optimizations

使用make命令构建: Sudo make -j 8——这里8是处理器的数量,使用nproc命令检查你的。 安装使用: Sudo做altinstall

不要使用sudo make install,它会覆盖默认的3.6.9版本,以后可能会很乱。

现在查看tkinter Python3.7 -m tkinter

一个窗口框将弹出,你的tkinter已经准备好了。

我在Windows 7和PyCharm Pro上也遇到过同样的问题。 它发生在我安装金融软件包“ffn”之后

import ffn

Matplotlib后端更改为“add”。 你可以检查当前后端:

matplotlip.get_backend()

您可以通过以下方式更改当前后端:

matplotlib.use(backend = "module://backend_interagg")

这在一个额外的或内部窗口中为我的PyCharm Professional解决了问题。

After upgrading lots of packages (Spyder 3 to 4, Keras and Tensorflow and lots of their dependencies), I had the same problem today! I cannot figure out what happened; but the (conda-based) virtual environment that kept using Spyder 3 did not have the problem. Although installing tkinter or changing the backend, via matplotlib.use('TkAgg) as shown above, or this nice post on how to change the backend, might well resolve the problem, I don't see these as rigid solutions. For me, uninstalling matplotlib and reinstalling it was magic and the problem was solved.

pip uninstall matplotlib

... 然后,安装

pip install matplotlib

综上所述,这可能是一个包管理问题,顺便说一句,只要可行,我就同时使用conda和pip。

在WSL上使用X服务器

确保您的X服务器工作正常。如果无法连接到X显示器,Matplotlib会提示此错误。

Windows防火墙配置

注意windows防火墙!我把WSL Debian换成了Ubuntu,不记得防火墙规则了。 我用这篇文章来配置windows防火墙规则,使X服务器正常工作。这种方法避免了过于宽松的规则,使得任何人都可以使用你的X服务器。

信上说:

如果您已经安装了X11服务器,Windows可能已经创建了防火墙规则,这些规则会打乱上面的配置。在“高级安全Windows防御防火墙”中搜索并删除它们。

You will now need to configure Windows Firewall to permit connections from WSL2 to the X11 display server. You will install the display server in the next step. We do this step first to avoid Windows Firewall from auto-creating an insecure firewall rule when you run the X11 display server. Many guides on X11 forwarding and WSL2 make this firewall rule too permissive, allowing connections from any computer to your computer. This means someone could theoretically, if they are on your same network, start sending graphical display information to your computer. To avoid this, we will make Windows Firewall only accept internet traffic from the WSL2 instance. To set this up, you can copy the below to a script and run it from within WSL2: #!/bin/sh LINUX_IP=$(ip addr | awk '/inet / && !/127.0.0.1/ {split($2,a,"/"); print a[1]}') WINDOWS_IP=$(ip route | awk '/^default/ {print $3}') # Elevate to administrator status then run netsh to add firewall rule powershell.exe -Command "Start-Process netsh.exe -ArgumentList \"advfirewall firewall add rule name=X11-Forwarding dir=in action=allow program=%ProgramFiles%\VcXsrv\vcxsrv.exe localip=$WINDOWS_IP remoteip=$LINUX_IP localport=6000 protocol=tcp\" -Verb RunAs"

手动方法:

Alternatively, you can manually add the rule through a GUI by doing the following: Open "Windows Defender Firewall with Advanced Security" Click add new rule brings up the New Rule Wizard (next to navigate between each section): Rule type: Custom Program: "This program path:" %ProgramFiles%\VcXsrv\vcxsrv.exe Protocol and ports Protocol type: TCP Local port: 6000 Remote port: any Scope Local IP address: Obtain the IP address to put in by running the below command in WSL2 ip route | awk '/^default/ {print $3}' remote IP addresses Obtain IP address to enter by running the below in WSL2 ip addr | awk '/inet / && !/127.0.0.1/ {split($2,a,"/"); print a[1]}' Action: "Allow the connection Profile: Selection Domain, Private, and Public Name: "X11 forwarding"