看到过很多使用ConcurrentDictionary的建议，但没有可靠的例子，所以我将全身心投入到这个解决方案竞赛中。我不是一个线程安全的开发人员，所以如果这段代码不可靠，请为那些跟随的人说出来。

public static class XmlSerializerHelper
{
    private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, XmlSerializer> TypeSerializers = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, XmlSerializer>();

    public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(Type type)
    {
        return TypeSerializers.GetOrAdd(type,
        t =>
        {
            var importer = new XmlReflectionImporter();
            var mapping = importer.ImportTypeMapping(t, null, null);
            return new XmlSerializer(mapping);
        });
    }
}

我看过其他关于ConcurrentDictionary和Lazy加载值的文章。我不确定这是否与此相关，但这里是它的代码:

private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Lazy<XmlSerializer>> TypeSerializers = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, Lazy<XmlSerializer>>();

public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(Type type)
{
    return TypeSerializers.GetOrAdd(type,
    t =>
    {
        var importer = new XmlReflectionImporter();
        var mapping = importer.ImportTypeMapping(t, null, null);
        var lazyResult = new Lazy<XmlSerializer>(() => new XmlSerializer(mapping), LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);
        return lazyResult;
    }).Value;
}

另一方面，对编译错误进行故障排除是非常复杂的。这些问题在FileNotFoundException异常中显示，并显示如下信息:

File or assembly name abcdef.dll, or one of its dependencies, was not found. File name: "abcdef.dll"
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.nLoad( ... )
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.InternalLoad( ... )
   at System.Reflection.Assembly.Load(...)
   at System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerResults.get_CompiledAssembly() 

You may wonder what a file not found exception has to do with instantiating a serializer object, but remember: the constructor writes C# files and tries to compile them. The call stack of this exception provides some good information to support that suspicion. The exception occurred while the XmlSerializer attempted to load an assembly generated by CodeDOM calling the System.Reflection.Assembly.Load method. The exception does not provide an explanation as to why the assembly that the XmlSerializer was supposed to create was not present. In general, the assembly is not present because the compilation failed, which may happen because, under rare circumstances, the serialization attributes produce code that the C# compiler fails to compile.

请注意 当XmlSerializer在不能访问临时目录的帐户或安全环境下运行时，也会发生此错误。

来源: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa302290.aspx

在Visual Studio项目属性(“Build”页面，如果我没记错的话)中有一个选项显示“生成序列化程序集”。尝试为生成[包含MyType的程序集]的项目打开该选项。

我也有同样的问题，直到我使用第三方工具从XSD生成类，它工作了!我发现这个工具在类的顶部添加了一些额外的代码。当我把同样的代码添加到我原来的类的顶部时，它起作用了。以下是我添加的内容……

#pragma warning disable
namespace MyNamespace
{
  using System;
  using System.Diagnostics;
  using System.Xml.Serialization;
  using System.Collections;
  using System.Xml.Schema;
  using System.ComponentModel;
  using System.Xml;
  using System.Collections.Generic;

  [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Xml", "4.6.1064.2")]
  [System.SerializableAttribute()]
  [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()]
  [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")]
  [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlTypeAttribute(AnonymousType = true)]
  [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRootAttribute(Namespace = "", IsNullable = false)]
  public partial class MyClassName
  {
  ...

只是作为参考。从D-B的回答和评论中，我得出了这个接近D-B的解决方案。它在我的所有情况下都工作得很好，并且是线程安全的。我不认为使用ConcurrentDictionary是可以的。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace HQ.Util.General
{
    public class XmlSerializerHelper
    {
        private static readonly Dictionary<Type, XmlSerializer> _dictTypeToSerializer = new Dictionary<Type, XmlSerializer>();

        public static XmlSerializer GetSerializer(Type type)
        {
            lock (_dictTypeToSerializer)
            {
                XmlSerializer serializer;
                if (! _dictTypeToSerializer.TryGetValue(type, out serializer))
                {
                    var importer = new XmlReflectionImporter();
                    var mapping = importer.ImportTypeMapping(type, null, null);
                    serializer = new XmlSerializer(mapping);
                    return _dictTypeToSerializer[type] = serializer;
                }

                return serializer;
            }
        }
    }
}

用法:

        if (File.Exists(Path))
        {
            using (XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(Path))
            {
                // XmlSerializer x  = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                var x = XmlSerializerHelper.GetSerializer(typeof(T));

                try
                {
                    options = (OptionsBase<T>)x.Deserialize(reader);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Log.Instance.AddEntry(LogType.LogException, "Unable to open Options file: " + Path, ex);
                }
            }
        }

我得到了同样的错误，这是由于我试图反序列化的类型没有默认的无参数构造函数。我添加了一个构造函数，它开始工作了。