else:语句当且仅当while循环不再满足它的条件时执行(在您的示例中，当n != 0为假时)。

所以输出是这样的:

5
4
3
2
1
what the...

else子句只在while条件变为false时执行。如果跳出循环，或者引发异常，则不会执行该循环。

一种考虑它的方法是作为一个关于条件的if/else结构:

if condition:
    handle_true()
else:
    handle_false()

类似于循环结构:

while condition:
    handle_true()
else:
    # condition is false now, handle and go on with the rest of the program
    handle_false()

一个例子可能是:

while value < threshold:
    if not process_acceptable_value(value):
        # something went wrong, exit the loop; don't pass go, don't collect 200
        break
    value = update(value)
else:
    # value >= threshold; pass go, collect 200
    handle_threshold_reached()

当while-condition的值为false时，else子句将被执行。

从文档中可以看到:

The while statement is used for repeated execution as long as an expression is true: while_stmt ::= "while" expression ":" suite ["else" ":" suite] This repeatedly tests the expression and, if it is true, executes the first suite; if the expression is false (which may be the first time it is tested) the suite of the else clause, if present, is executed and the loop terminates. A break statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop without executing the else clause’s suite. A continue statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of the suite and goes back to testing the expression.

As far as I know the main reason for adding else to loops in any language is in cases when the iterator is not on in your control. Imagine the iterator is on a server and you just give it a signal to fetch the next 100 records of data. You want the loop to go on as long as the length of the data received is 100. If it is less, you need it to go one more times and then end it. There are many other situations where you have no control over the last iteration. Having the option to add an else in these cases makes everything much easier.

在Python中，'while: else:'结构的更好用法应该是，如果'while'中没有执行循环，则执行'else'语句。今天它的工作方式没有意义，因为您可以使用下面的代码获得相同的结果……

n = 5
while n != 0:
    print n
    n -= 1
print "what the..."

else子句只在while条件为false时执行。

下面是一些例子:

例1:初始条件为false，因此执行else-clause。

i = 99999999

while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1
else:
    print('this')

输出:

this

例2:while-condition i < 5永远不会变成false，因为i == 3打破了循环，所以else-clause没有执行。

i = 0

while i < 5:
    print(i)
    if i == 3:
        break
    i += 1
else:
    print('this')

输出:

0
1
2
3

例3:while-condition i < 5在i为5时变为false，因此执行else-clause。

i = 0

while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1
else:
    print('this')

输出:

0
1
2
3
4
this