我注意到下面的代码在Python中是合法的。我的问题是为什么?有什么特别的原因吗?
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
else:
print "what the..."
许多初学者在尝试在while或for循环中放入if/else块时无意中发现了这种语法，并且没有正确地缩进else。解决方案是确保else块与if块对齐，假设您打算对它们进行配对。这个问题解释了为什么它没有导致语法错误，以及产生的代码意味着什么。我还得到了一个IndentationError。我该怎么解决呢?，用于报告语法错误的情况。
当前回答
当while-condition的值为false时，else子句将被执行。
从文档中可以看到:
The while statement is used for repeated execution as long as an expression is true: while_stmt ::= "while" expression ":" suite ["else" ":" suite] This repeatedly tests the expression and, if it is true, executes the first suite; if the expression is false (which may be the first time it is tested) the suite of the else clause, if present, is executed and the loop terminates. A break statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop without executing the else clause’s suite. A continue statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of the suite and goes back to testing the expression.
其他回答
假设要在单链表中搜索元素x
def search(self, x):
position = 1
p =self.start
while p is not None:
if p.info == x:
print(x, " is at position ", position)
return True
position += 1
p = p.link
else:
print(x, "not found in list")
return False
因此，如果条件失败，其他将执行，希望它有助于!
请允许我举例说明为什么要使用else子句。但是:
我的观点在Leo的回答中得到了更好的解释 我使用for-而不是while-循环，但else工作类似(除非遇到break，否则执行) 有更好的方法可以做到这一点(例如，将其包装到函数中或引发异常)
打破多级循环
它是这样工作的:外部循环在结尾有一个break，所以它只会执行一次。但是，如果内部循环完成(没有找到除数)，那么它将到达else语句，并且永远不会到达外部断点。这样，内部循环中的中断将跳出两个循环，而不仅仅是一个循环。
for k in [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 25]:
for m in range(2, 10):
if k == m:
continue
print 'trying %s %% %s' % (k, m)
if k % m == 0:
print 'found a divisor: %d %% %d; breaking out of loop' % (k, m)
break
else:
continue
print 'breaking another level of loop'
break
else:
print 'no divisor could be found!'
else子句在正常退出一个块时执行，比如击中循环条件或从try块底部掉下去。如果您中断或返回一个块，或引发异常，则不会执行。它不仅适用于while和for循环，还适用于try块。
您通常会在通常会提前退出循环的地方发现它，并且在意想不到/不寻常的情况下运行到循环的末尾。例如，如果你在一个列表中循环寻找一个值:
for value in values:
if value == 5:
print "Found it!"
break
else:
print "Nowhere to be found. :-("
else子句只在while条件变为false时执行。如果跳出循环，或者引发异常，则不会执行该循环。
一种考虑它的方法是作为一个关于条件的if/else结构:
if condition:
handle_true()
else:
handle_false()
类似于循环结构:
while condition:
handle_true()
else:
# condition is false now, handle and go on with the rest of the program
handle_false()
一个例子可能是:
while value < threshold:
if not process_acceptable_value(value):
# something went wrong, exit the loop; don't pass go, don't collect 200
break
value = update(value)
else:
# value >= threshold; pass go, collect 200
handle_threshold_reached()
当while-condition的值为false时，else子句将被执行。
从文档中可以看到:
The while statement is used for repeated execution as long as an expression is true: while_stmt ::= "while" expression ":" suite ["else" ":" suite] This repeatedly tests the expression and, if it is true, executes the first suite; if the expression is false (which may be the first time it is tested) the suite of the else clause, if present, is executed and the loop terminates. A break statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop without executing the else clause’s suite. A continue statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of the suite and goes back to testing the expression.
