我注意到下面的代码在Python中是合法的。我的问题是为什么?有什么特别的原因吗?
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
else:
print "what the..."
许多初学者在尝试在while或for循环中放入if/else块时无意中发现了这种语法，并且没有正确地缩进else。解决方案是确保else块与if块对齐，假设您打算对它们进行配对。这个问题解释了为什么它没有导致语法错误，以及产生的代码意味着什么。我还得到了一个IndentationError。我该怎么解决呢?，用于报告语法错误的情况。
当前回答
假设要在单链表中搜索元素x
def search(self, x):
position = 1
p =self.start
while p is not None:
if p.info == x:
print(x, " is at position ", position)
return True
position += 1
p = p.link
else:
print(x, "not found in list")
return False
因此，如果条件失败，其他将执行，希望它有助于!
其他回答
else子句在正常退出一个块时执行，比如击中循环条件或从try块底部掉下去。如果您中断或返回一个块，或引发异常，则不会执行。它不仅适用于while和for循环，还适用于try块。
您通常会在通常会提前退出循环的地方发现它，并且在意想不到/不寻常的情况下运行到循环的末尾。例如，如果你在一个列表中循环寻找一个值:
for value in values:
if value == 5:
print "Found it!"
break
else:
print "Nowhere to be found. :-("
如果while循环没有中断，则执行Else。
我有点喜欢用“跑步者”来比喻。
“else”就像越过终点线，与你是从赛道的起点还是终点出发无关。"else"只有当你在两者之间的某个地方中断时才不会执行。
runner_at = 0 # or 10 makes no difference, if unlucky_sector is not 0-10
unlucky_sector = 6
while runner_at < 10:
print("Runner at: ", runner_at)
if runner_at == unlucky_sector:
print("Runner fell and broke his foot. Will not reach finish.")
break
runner_at += 1
else:
print("Runner has finished the race!") # Not executed if runner broke his foot.
主要的用例是使用这种打破嵌套循环，或者如果你想只在循环没有在某处中断时运行某些语句(认为中断是一种不寻常的情况)。
例如，下面是一个关于如何在不使用变量或try/catch的情况下跳出内部循环的机制:
for i in [1,2,3]:
for j in ['a', 'unlucky', 'c']:
print(i, j)
if j == 'unlucky':
break
else:
continue # Only executed if inner loop didn't break.
break # This is only reached if inner loop 'breaked' out since continue didn't run.
print("Finished")
# 1 a
# 1 b
# Finished
As far as I know the main reason for adding else to loops in any language is in cases when the iterator is not on in your control. Imagine the iterator is on a server and you just give it a signal to fetch the next 100 records of data. You want the loop to go on as long as the length of the data received is 100. If it is less, you need it to go one more times and then end it. There are many other situations where you have no control over the last iteration. Having the option to add an else in these cases makes everything much easier.
else子句只在while条件为false时执行。
下面是一些例子:
例1:初始条件为false，因此执行else-clause。
i = 99999999
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
this
例2:while-condition i < 5永远不会变成false，因为i == 3打破了循环，所以else-clause没有执行。
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
0
1
2
3
例3:while-condition i < 5在i为5时变为false，因此执行else-clause。
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
0
1
2
3
4
this
else子句只在while条件变为false时执行。如果跳出循环，或者引发异常，则不会执行该循环。
一种考虑它的方法是作为一个关于条件的if/else结构:
if condition:
handle_true()
else:
handle_false()
类似于循环结构:
while condition:
handle_true()
else:
# condition is false now, handle and go on with the rest of the program
handle_false()
一个例子可能是:
while value < threshold:
if not process_acceptable_value(value):
# something went wrong, exit the loop; don't pass go, don't collect 200
break
value = update(value)
else:
# value >= threshold; pass go, collect 200
handle_threshold_reached()
