我注意到下面的代码在Python中是合法的。我的问题是为什么?有什么特别的原因吗?
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
else:
print "what the..."
许多初学者在尝试在while或for循环中放入if/else块时无意中发现了这种语法,并且没有正确地缩进else。解决方案是确保else块与if块对齐,假设您打算对它们进行配对。这个问题解释了为什么它没有导致语法错误,以及产生的代码意味着什么。我还得到了一个IndentationError。我该怎么解决呢?,用于报告语法错误的情况。
else子句只在while条件为false时执行。
下面是一些例子:
例1:初始条件为false,因此执行else-clause。
i = 99999999
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
this
例2:while-condition i < 5永远不会变成false,因为i == 3打破了循环,所以else-clause没有执行。
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
if i == 3:
break
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
0
1
2
3
例3:while-condition i < 5在i为5时变为false,因此执行else-clause。
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
else:
print('this')
输出:
0
1
2
3
4
this
else子句只在while条件变为false时执行。如果跳出循环,或者引发异常,则不会执行该循环。
一种考虑它的方法是作为一个关于条件的if/else结构:
if condition:
handle_true()
else:
handle_false()
类似于循环结构:
while condition:
handle_true()
else:
# condition is false now, handle and go on with the rest of the program
handle_false()
一个例子可能是:
while value < threshold:
if not process_acceptable_value(value):
# something went wrong, exit the loop; don't pass go, don't collect 200
break
value = update(value)
else:
# value >= threshold; pass go, collect 200
handle_threshold_reached()
当while-condition的值为false时,else子句将被执行。
从文档中可以看到:
The while statement is used for repeated execution as long as an expression is true:
while_stmt ::= "while" expression ":" suite
["else" ":" suite]
This repeatedly tests the expression and, if it is true, executes the first suite; if the expression is false (which may be the first time it is tested) the suite of the else clause, if present, is executed and the loop terminates.
A break statement executed in the first suite terminates the loop without executing the else clause’s suite. A continue statement executed in the first suite skips the rest of the suite and goes back to testing the expression.