我注意到下面的代码在Python中是合法的。我的问题是为什么?有什么特别的原因吗?
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
else:
print "what the..."
许多初学者在尝试在while或for循环中放入if/else块时无意中发现了这种语法，并且没有正确地缩进else。解决方案是确保else块与if块对齐，假设您打算对它们进行配对。这个问题解释了为什么它没有导致语法错误，以及产生的代码意味着什么。我还得到了一个IndentationError。我该怎么解决呢?，用于报告语法错误的情况。
当前回答
在Python中，'while: else:'结构的更好用法应该是，如果'while'中没有执行循环，则执行'else'语句。今天它的工作方式没有意义，因为您可以使用下面的代码获得相同的结果……
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
print "what the..."
其他回答
如果while循环没有中断，则执行Else。
我有点喜欢用“跑步者”来比喻。
“else”就像越过终点线，与你是从赛道的起点还是终点出发无关。"else"只有当你在两者之间的某个地方中断时才不会执行。
runner_at = 0 # or 10 makes no difference, if unlucky_sector is not 0-10
unlucky_sector = 6
while runner_at < 10:
print("Runner at: ", runner_at)
if runner_at == unlucky_sector:
print("Runner fell and broke his foot. Will not reach finish.")
break
runner_at += 1
else:
print("Runner has finished the race!") # Not executed if runner broke his foot.
主要的用例是使用这种打破嵌套循环，或者如果你想只在循环没有在某处中断时运行某些语句(认为中断是一种不寻常的情况)。
例如，下面是一个关于如何在不使用变量或try/catch的情况下跳出内部循环的机制:
for i in [1,2,3]:
for j in ['a', 'unlucky', 'c']:
print(i, j)
if j == 'unlucky':
break
else:
continue # Only executed if inner loop didn't break.
break # This is only reached if inner loop 'breaked' out since continue didn't run.
print("Finished")
# 1 a
# 1 b
# Finished
else子句只在while条件变为false时执行。如果跳出循环，或者引发异常，则不会执行该循环。
一种考虑它的方法是作为一个关于条件的if/else结构:
if condition:
handle_true()
else:
handle_false()
类似于循环结构:
while condition:
handle_true()
else:
# condition is false now, handle and go on with the rest of the program
handle_false()
一个例子可能是:
while value < threshold:
if not process_acceptable_value(value):
# something went wrong, exit the loop; don't pass go, don't collect 200
break
value = update(value)
else:
# value >= threshold; pass go, collect 200
handle_threshold_reached()
As far as I know the main reason for adding else to loops in any language is in cases when the iterator is not on in your control. Imagine the iterator is on a server and you just give it a signal to fetch the next 100 records of data. You want the loop to go on as long as the length of the data received is 100. If it is less, you need it to go one more times and then end it. There are many other situations where you have no control over the last iteration. Having the option to add an else in these cases makes everything much easier.
我知道这是个老问题，但是…
正如Raymond Hettinger所说，应该调用while/no_break而不是while/else。 如果你看一下这个片段，我发现它很容易理解。
n = 5
while n > 0:
print n
n -= 1
if n == 2:
break
if n == 0:
print n
现在，我们不用在while循环后检查condition，而是用else替换它，然后去掉那个检查。
n = 5
while n > 0:
print n
n -= 1
if n == 2:
break
else: # read it as "no_break"
print n
我总是把它读成while/no_break来理解代码，这种语法对我来说更有意义。
在Python中，'while: else:'结构的更好用法应该是，如果'while'中没有执行循环，则执行'else'语句。今天它的工作方式没有意义，因为您可以使用下面的代码获得相同的结果……
n = 5
while n != 0:
print n
n -= 1
print "what the..."
