Runnable和Callable在应用程序中的区别是什么?是否只与返回参数在Callable中存在差异?

基本上,是的。请看这个问题的答案。Callable的javadoc。

如果Callable能做Runnable能做的所有事情，那么两者都需要什么呢?

因为Runnable接口不能做Callable所做的所有事情!

Runnable has been around since Java 1.0, but Callable was only introduced in Java 1.5 ... to handle use-cases that Runnable does not support. In theory, the Java team could have changed the signature of the Runnable.run() method, but this would have broken binary compatiblity with pre-1.5 code, requiring recoding when migrating old Java code to newer JVMs. That is a BIG NO-NO. Java strives to be backwards compatible ... and that's been one of Java's biggest selling points for business computing.

显然，在某些用例中，任务不需要返回结果或抛出检查过的异常。对于这些用例，使用Runnable比使用Callable<Void>和从call()方法返回一个虚拟(null)值更简洁。

+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              Runnable                  |                                           Callable<T>                                            |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Introduced in Java 1.0 of java.lang    | Introduced in Java 1.5 of java.util.concurrent library                                           |
| Runnable cannot be parametrized        | Callable is a parametrized type whose type parameter indicates the return type of its run method |
| Runnable has run() method              | Callable has call() method                                                                       |
| Runnable.run() returns void            | Callable.call() returns a generic value V                                                        |
| No way to propagate checked exceptions | Callable's call()“throws Exception” clause so we can easily propagate checked exceptions further |                                                                     |
+----------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Java的设计者觉得有必要扩展Runnable接口的功能，但他们不想影响Runnable接口的使用，这可能就是为什么他们在Java 1.5中使用一个单独的名为Callable的接口，而不是改变已经存在的Runnable接口的原因，因为Runnable接口自Java 1.0以来一直是Java的一部分。源

Java功能接口

它是一种与函数式编程相匹配的接口命名约定

//Runnable
interface Runnable {
    void run();
}

//Action - throws exception
interface Action {
    void run() throws Exception;
}

//Consumer - consumes a value/values, throws exception
//BiConsumer, 
interface Consumer1<T> {
    void accept(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Callable - return result, throws exception
interface Callable<R> {
    R call() throws Exception;
}

//Supplier - returns result, throws exception
interface Supplier<R> {
    R get() throws Exception;
}

//Predicate - consumes a value/values, returns true or false, throws exception
interface Predicate1<T> {
    boolean test(T t) throws Exception;
}

//Function - consumes a value/values, returns result, throws exception
//BiFunction, Function3...
public interface Function1<T, R> {
    R apply(T t) throws Exception;
}

...

//Executor
public interface Executor {
    void execute(Runnable command);
}

【快速闭包命名】

oracle文档中这些接口的用途:

可运行接口应该由任何类实现，其实例将由线程执行。该类必须定义一个名为run的无参数方法。

可调用:返回结果并可能抛出异常的任务。实现者定义一个不带参数的方法叫做call。 Callable接口与Runnable接口类似，因为两者都是为其实例可能由另一个线程执行的类设计的。然而，Runnable不返回结果，也不能抛出受控异常。

其他的差异:

You can pass Runnable to create a Thread. But you can't create new Thread by passing Callable as parameter. You can pass Callable only to ExecutorService instances. Example: public class HelloRunnable implements Runnable { public void run() { System.out.println("Hello from a thread!"); } public static void main(String args[]) { (new Thread(new HelloRunnable())).start(); } } Use Runnable for fire and forget calls. Use Callable to verify the result. Callable can be passed to invokeAll method unlike Runnable. Methods invokeAny and invokeAll perform the most commonly useful forms of bulk execution, executing a collection of tasks and then waiting for at least one, or all, to complete Trivial difference : method name to be implemented => run() for Runnable and call() for Callable.

Runnable和Callable在应用程序中的区别是什么?是否只与返回参数在Callable中存在差异?

基本上,是的。请看这个问题的答案。Callable的javadoc。

如果Callable能做Runnable能做的所有事情，那么两者都需要什么呢?

因为Runnable接口不能做Callable所做的所有事情!

Runnable has been around since Java 1.0, but Callable was only introduced in Java 1.5 ... to handle use-cases that Runnable does not support. In theory, the Java team could have changed the signature of the Runnable.run() method, but this would have broken binary compatiblity with pre-1.5 code, requiring recoding when migrating old Java code to newer JVMs. That is a BIG NO-NO. Java strives to be backwards compatible ... and that's been one of Java's biggest selling points for business computing.

显然，在某些用例中，任务不需要返回结果或抛出检查过的异常。对于这些用例，使用Runnable比使用Callable<Void>和从call()方法返回一个虚拟(null)值更简洁。

我在另一篇博客中发现了这一点，可以更好地解释这些差异:

虽然这两个接口都是由希望在不同的执行线程中执行的类实现的，但这两个接口之间有一些区别:

Callable<V>实例返回类型为V的结果，而Runnable实例则不会。 Callable<V>实例可能会抛出受控异常，而Runnable实例则不会

Java的设计者觉得有必要扩展Runnable接口的功能，但他们不想影响Runnable接口的使用，这可能就是为什么他们在Java 1.5中使用一个名为Callable的单独接口，而不是修改已经存在的Runnable的原因。