我喜欢sed处理正则表达式组的能力:

> var="someletters_12345_moreletters.ext"
> digits=$( echo "$var" | sed "s/.*_\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/p" -n )
> echo $digits
12345

一个更一般的选择是不要假设你用下划线_标记你的数字序列的开始，因此例如剥离你在你的序列之前得到的所有非数字:s/[^0-9]\+\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/p。

> man sed | grep s/regexp/replacement -A 2
s/regexp/replacement/
    Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space.  If successful, replace that portion matched with replacement.  The replacement may contain the special  character  &  to
    refer to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching sub-expressions in the regexp.

更多关于这一点，以防你对regexp不太自信:

S代表_s_substitute [0-9]+匹配1+数字 \1链接到正则表达式输出的组n.1(组0是整个匹配，组1是括号内的匹配) P标志为_p_printing

所有转义\都是为了使sed的regexp处理工作。

如果有人想要更严格的信息，你也可以像这样在man bash中搜索

$ man bash [press return key]
/substring  [press return key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]
[press "n" key]

结果:

${parameter:offset}
       ${parameter:offset:length}
              Substring Expansion.  Expands to  up  to  length  characters  of
              parameter  starting  at  the  character specified by offset.  If
              length is omitted, expands to the substring of parameter  start‐
              ing at the character specified by offset.  length and offset are
              arithmetic expressions (see ARITHMETIC  EVALUATION  below).   If
              offset  evaluates  to a number less than zero, the value is used
              as an offset from the end of the value of parameter.  Arithmetic
              expressions  starting  with  a - must be separated by whitespace
              from the preceding : to be distinguished from  the  Use  Default
              Values  expansion.   If  length  evaluates to a number less than
              zero, and parameter is not @ and not an indexed  or  associative
              array,  it is interpreted as an offset from the end of the value
              of parameter rather than a number of characters, and the  expan‐
              sion is the characters between the two offsets.  If parameter is
              @, the result is length positional parameters beginning at  off‐
              set.   If parameter is an indexed array name subscripted by @ or
              *, the result is the length members of the array beginning  with
              ${parameter[offset]}.   A  negative  offset is taken relative to
              one greater than the maximum index of the specified array.  Sub‐
              string  expansion applied to an associative array produces unde‐
              fined results.  Note that a negative offset  must  be  separated
              from  the  colon  by  at least one space to avoid being confused
              with the :- expansion.  Substring indexing is zero-based  unless
              the  positional  parameters are used, in which case the indexing
              starts at 1 by default.  If offset  is  0,  and  the  positional
              parameters are used, $0 is prefixed to the list.

有点晚了，但我刚刚遇到了这个问题，并发现了以下内容:

host:/tmp$ asd=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext 
host:/tmp$ echo `expr $asd : '.*_\(.*\)_'`
12345
host:/tmp$ 

我用它在一个没有%N日期的嵌入式系统上获得毫秒分辨率:

set `grep "now at" /proc/timer_list`
nano=$3
fraction=`expr $nano : '.*\(...\)......'`
$debug nano is $nano, fraction is $fraction

给定test.txt文件包含"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

cut -b19-20 test.txt > test1.txt # This will extract chars 19 & 20 "ST" 
while read -r; do;
> x=$REPLY
> done < test1.txt
echo $x
ST

下面是一个前缀后缀解决方案(类似于JB和Darron给出的解决方案)，它匹配第一个数字块，并且不依赖于周围的下划线:

str='someletters_12345_morele34ters.ext'
s1="${str#"${str%%[[:digit:]]*}"}"   # strip off non-digit prefix from str
s2="${s1%%[^[:digit:]]*}"            # strip off non-digit suffix from s1
echo "$s2"                           # 12345

试着用cut -c startindex - stopindx