给定test.txt文件包含"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"

cut -b19-20 test.txt > test1.txt # This will extract chars 19 & 20 "ST" 
while read -r; do;
> x=$REPLY
> done < test1.txt
echo $x
ST

也许这可以帮助你得到想要的输出

代码:

your_number=$(echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | grep -E -o '[0-9]{5}')
echo $your_number

输出:

12345

使用sed replace的简单方法:

result=$(echo "someletters_12345_moreleters.ext" | sed 's/.*_\(.*\)_.*/\1/g')
echo $result

减少使用:

echo 'someletters_12345_moreleters.ext' | cut -d'_' -f 2

更通用的:

INPUT='someletters_12345_moreleters.ext'
SUBSTRING=$(echo $INPUT| cut -d'_' -f 2)
echo $SUBSTRING

以下是我的做法:

FN=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext
[[ ${FN} =~ _([[:digit:]]{5})_ ]] && NUM=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}

解释:

Bash-specific:

[[]]为条件表达式 =~表示条件为正则表达式 如果前一个命令成功，&&将链接这些命令

正则表达式(RE): _([[:digit:]]{5})_

_是字面量，用于为被匹配的字符串划分/锚定匹配边界 ()创建捕获组 [[:digit:]]是一个字符类，我认为它不言自明 {5}表示前面的字符中的恰好五个，类(如本例中所示)或组必须匹配

In english, you can think of it behaving like this: the FN string is iterated character by character until we see an _ at which point the capture group is opened and we attempt to match five digits. If that matching is successful to this point, the capture group saves the five digits traversed. If the next character is an _, the condition is successful, the capture group is made available in BASH_REMATCH, and the next NUM= statement can execute. If any part of the matching fails, saved details are disposed of and character by character processing continues after the _. e.g. if FN where _1 _12 _123 _1234 _12345_, there would be four false starts before it found a match.

Inklusive end，类似于JS和Java实现。删除+1如果你不想这样做。

function substring() {
    local str="$1" start="${2}" end="${3}"
    
    if [[ "$start" == "" ]]; then start="0"; fi
    if [[ "$end"   == "" ]]; then end="${#str}"; fi
    
    local length="((${end}-${start}+1))"
    
    echo "${str:${start}:${length}}"
} 

例子:

    substring 01234 0
    01234
    substring 012345 0
    012345
    substring 012345 0 0
    0
    substring 012345 1 1
    1
    substring 012345 1 2
    12
    substring 012345 0 1
    01
    substring 012345 0 2
    012
    substring 012345 0 3
    0123
    substring 012345 0 4
    01234
    substring 012345 0 5
    012345

更多示例调用:

    substring 012345 0
    012345
    substring 012345 1
    12345
    substring 012345 2
    2345
    substring 012345 3
    345
    substring 012345 4
    45
    substring 012345 5
    5
    substring 012345 6
    
    substring 012345 3 5
    345
    substring 012345 3 4
    34
    substring 012345 2 4
    234
    substring 012345 1 3
    123