以下是我的做法:

FN=someletters_12345_moreleters.ext
[[ ${FN} =~ _([[:digit:]]{5})_ ]] && NUM=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}

解释:

Bash-specific:

[[]]为条件表达式 =~表示条件为正则表达式 如果前一个命令成功，&&将链接这些命令

正则表达式(RE): _([[:digit:]]{5})_

_是字面量，用于为被匹配的字符串划分/锚定匹配边界 ()创建捕获组 [[:digit:]]是一个字符类，我认为它不言自明 {5}表示前面的字符中的恰好五个，类(如本例中所示)或组必须匹配

In english, you can think of it behaving like this: the FN string is iterated character by character until we see an _ at which point the capture group is opened and we attempt to match five digits. If that matching is successful to this point, the capture group saves the five digits traversed. If the next character is an _, the condition is successful, the capture group is made available in BASH_REMATCH, and the next NUM= statement can execute. If any part of the matching fails, saved details are disposed of and character by character processing continues after the _. e.g. if FN where _1 _12 _123 _1234 _12345_, there would be four false starts before it found a match.

通用解决方案，其中数字可以在文件名中的任何位置，使用这样的序列中的第一个:

number=$(echo $filename | egrep -o '[[:digit:]]{5}' | head -n1)

另一个精确提取变量一部分的解决方案:

number=${filename:offset:length}

如果你的文件名总是使用stuff_digits_…你可以使用awk:

number=$(echo $filename | awk -F _ '{ print $2 }')

还有一种方法可以删除除数字以外的所有内容，使用

number=$(echo $filename | tr -cd '[[:digit:]]')

下面是一个前缀后缀解决方案(类似于JB和Darron给出的解决方案)，它匹配第一个数字块，并且不依赖于周围的下划线:

str='someletters_12345_morele34ters.ext'
s1="${str#"${str%%[[:digit:]]*}"}"   # strip off non-digit prefix from str
s2="${s1%%[^[:digit:]]*}"            # strip off non-digit suffix from s1
echo "$s2"                           # 12345

试着用cut -c startindex - stopindx

类似于php中的substr('abcdefg'， 2-1, 3):

echo 'abcdefg'|tail -c +2|head -c 3

bash解决方案:

IFS="_" read -r x digs x <<<'someletters_12345_moreleters.ext'

这将破坏一个名为x的变量。var x可以被更改为var _。

input='someletters_12345_moreleters.ext'
IFS="_" read -r _ digs _ <<<"$input"