前言

有几个对象的定义是不真实的。一般的术语是双重测试。这个术语包括:dummy, fake, stub, mock。

参考

根据Martin Fowler的文章:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an in memory database is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Stubs may also record information about calls, such as an email gateway stub that remembers the messages it 'sent', or maybe only how many messages it 'sent'. Mocks are what we are talking about here: objects pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive.

风格

模拟vs存根=行为测试vs状态测试

原则

根据每个测试只测试一件事的原则，一个测试中可能有几个存根，但一般只有一个mock。

生命周期

使用存根测试生命周期:

准备正在测试的对象和它的存根合作者。 锻炼——测试功能。 验证状态——使用断言来检查对象的状态。 Teardown -清理资源。

使用mock测试生命周期:

设置数据-准备正在测试的对象。 设置期望-在mock中准备主对象使用的期望。 锻炼——测试功能。 验证期望——验证在mock中调用了正确的方法。 验证状态——使用断言来检查对象的状态。 Teardown -清理资源。

总结

模拟测试和存根测试都给出了这个问题的答案:结果是什么?

使用模拟进行测试也感兴趣:结果是如何实现的?

这张幻灯片很好地解释了主要的区别。

*选自CSE 403第16讲，华盛顿大学(幻灯片由“Marty Stepp”制作)

上面有很多有效的答案，但我认为值得一提的是这个表格鲍勃叔叔: https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2014/05/14/TheLittleMocker.html

最好的例子解释!

他使用的通用术语是测试替身(想想特技替身)。Test Double是一个通用术语，用于为测试目的替换生产对象的任何情况。杰拉德列出了各种各样的替身:

Dummy objects are passed around but never actually used. Usually they are just used to fill parameter lists. Fake objects actually have working implementations, but usually take some shortcut which makes them not suitable for production (an InMemoryTestDatabase is a good example). Stubs provide canned answers to calls made during the test, usually not responding at all to anything outside what's programmed in for the test. Spies are stubs that also record some information based on how they were called. One form of this might be an email service that records how many messages it was sent(also called Partial Mock). Mocks are pre-programmed with expectations which form a specification of the calls they are expected to receive. They can throw an exception if they receive a call they don't expect and are checked during verification to ensure they got all the calls they were expecting.

源

Mock只是测试行为，确保调用了特定的方法。 Stub是特定对象的可测试版本(本质上)。

你说的苹果方式是什么意思?

存根是一个简单的伪对象。它只是确保测试顺利进行。 mock是更聪明的存根。您验证您的测试通过了它。