要从同一个目录中名为“data”的文件夹中获取一个“。txt”文件名的数组，我通常使用以下简单的代码行:

import os
fileNames = [fileName for fileName in os.listdir("data") if fileName.endswith(".txt")]

这段代码使我的生活更简单。

import os
fnames = ([file for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dir)
    for file in files
    if file.endswith('.txt') #or file.endswith('.png') or file.endswith('.pdf')
    ])
for fname in fnames: print(fname)

这样的东西就可以了

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    for file in files:
        if file.endswith('.txt'):
            print(file)

一个类似于ghostdog的复制粘贴解决方案:

def get_all_filepaths(root_path, ext):
    """
    Search all files which have a given extension within root_path.

    This ignores the case of the extension and searches subdirectories, too.

    Parameters
    ----------
    root_path : str
    ext : str

    Returns
    -------
    list of str

    Examples
    --------
    >>> get_all_filepaths('/run', '.lock')
    ['/run/unattended-upgrades.lock',
     '/run/mlocate.daily.lock',
     '/run/xtables.lock',
     '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.lock',
     '/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock',
     '/run/network/.ifstate.lock',
     '/run/lock/asound.state.lock']
    """
    import os
    all_files = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_path):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.lower().endswith(ext):
                all_files.append(os.path.join(root, filename))
    return all_files

你也可以使用yield来创建一个生成器，从而避免组装完整的列表:

def get_all_filepaths(root_path, ext):
    import os
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_path):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.lower().endswith(ext):
                yield os.path.join(root, filename)

你可以简单地使用pathlibs glob 1:

import pathlib

list(pathlib.Path('your_directory').glob('*.txt'))

或在循环中:

for txt_file in pathlib.Path('your_directory').glob('*.txt'):
    # do something with "txt_file"

如果你想递归你可以使用。glob('**/*.txt')

1 pathlib模块被包含在python 3.4的标准库中。但是你甚至可以在旧的Python版本(即使用conda或pip)上安装该模块的反向端口:pathlib和pathlib2。

以python方式获取“dataPath”文件夹中所有的“。txt”文件名:

from os import listdir
from os.path import isfile, join
path = "/dataPath/"
onlyTxtFiles = [f for f in listdir(path) if isfile(join(path, f)) and  f.endswith(".txt")]
print onlyTxtFiles