你可以使用glob:

import glob, os
os.chdir("/mydir")
for file in glob.glob("*.txt"):
    print(file)

或者简单的os.listdir:

import os
for file in os.listdir("/mydir"):
    if file.endswith(".txt"):
        print(os.path.join("/mydir", file))

或者如果你想遍历目录，使用os.walk:

import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk("/mydir"):
    for file in files:
        if file.endswith(".txt"):
             print(os.path.join(root, file))

这样的东西就可以了

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):
    for file in files:
        if file.endswith('.txt'):
            print(file)

这样做是可行的:

>>> import os
>>> path = '/usr/share/cups/charmaps'
>>> text_files = [f for f in os.listdir(path) if f.endswith('.txt')]
>>> text_files
['euc-cn.txt', 'euc-jp.txt', 'euc-kr.txt', 'euc-tw.txt', ... 'windows-950.txt']

一个类似于ghostdog的复制粘贴解决方案:

def get_all_filepaths(root_path, ext):
    """
    Search all files which have a given extension within root_path.

    This ignores the case of the extension and searches subdirectories, too.

    Parameters
    ----------
    root_path : str
    ext : str

    Returns
    -------
    list of str

    Examples
    --------
    >>> get_all_filepaths('/run', '.lock')
    ['/run/unattended-upgrades.lock',
     '/run/mlocate.daily.lock',
     '/run/xtables.lock',
     '/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock.lock',
     '/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432.lock',
     '/run/network/.ifstate.lock',
     '/run/lock/asound.state.lock']
    """
    import os
    all_files = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_path):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.lower().endswith(ext):
                all_files.append(os.path.join(root, filename))
    return all_files

你也可以使用yield来创建一个生成器，从而避免组装完整的列表:

def get_all_filepaths(root_path, ext):
    import os
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(root_path):
        for filename in files:
            if filename.lower().endswith(ext):
                yield os.path.join(root, filename)

使用Python OS模块查找具有特定扩展名的文件。

简单的例子如下:

import os

# This is the path where you want to search
path = r'd:'  

# this is extension you want to detect
extension = '.txt'   # this can be : .jpg  .png  .xls  .log .....

for root, dirs_list, files_list in os.walk(path):
    for file_name in files_list:
        if os.path.splitext(file_name)[-1] == extension:
            file_name_path = os.path.join(root, file_name)
            print file_name
            print file_name_path   # This is the full path of the filter file

你可以简单地使用pathlibs glob 1:

import pathlib

list(pathlib.Path('your_directory').glob('*.txt'))

或在循环中:

for txt_file in pathlib.Path('your_directory').glob('*.txt'):
    # do something with "txt_file"

如果你想递归你可以使用。glob('**/*.txt')

1 pathlib模块被包含在python 3.4的标准库中。但是你甚至可以在旧的Python版本(即使用conda或pip)上安装该模块的反向端口:pathlib和pathlib2。