我们所有使用关系数据库的人都知道(或正在学习)SQL是不同的。获得期望的结果,并有效地这样做,涉及到一个乏味的过程,其部分特征是学习不熟悉的范例,并发现一些我们最熟悉的编程模式在这里不起作用。常见的反模式是什么?
当前回答
我最不喜欢的是
Using spaces when creating tables, sprocs etc. I'm fine with CamelCase or under_scores and singular or plurals and UPPERCASE or lowercase but having to refer to a table or column [with spaces], especially if [ it is oddly spaced] (yes, I've run into this) really irritates me. Denormalized data. A table doesn't have to be perfectly normalized, but when I run into a table of employees that has information about their current evaluation score or their primary anything, it tells me that I will probably need to make a separate table at some point and then try to keep them synced. I will normalize the data first and then if I see a place where denormalization helps, I'll consider it. Overuse of either views or cursors. Views have a purpose, but when each table is wrapped in a view it's too much. I've had to use cursors a few times, but generally you can use other mechanisms for this. Access. Can a program be an anti-pattern? We have SQL Server at my work, but a number of people use access due to it's availabilty, "ease of use" and "friendliness" to non-technical users. There is too much here to go into, but if you've been in a similar environment, you know.
其他回答
在他们职业生涯的前6个月学习SQL,在接下来的10年里从不学习其他任何东西。特别是没有学习或有效地使用窗口/分析SQL特性。特别是over()和partition by的使用。
窗口函数,比如聚合 函数时,对对象进行聚合 定义的行集(组),但是 而不是返回一个值 组,窗口函数可以返回 每个组有多个值。
请参阅O'Reilly SQL Cookbook附录A,以获得窗口函数的良好概述。
不必深入浅出:不使用准备好的语句。
使用SP作为存储过程名称的前缀,因为它将首先在系统过程位置中搜索,而不是自定义过程。
SELECT FirstName + ' ' + LastName as "Full Name", case UserRole when 2 then "Admin" when 1 then "Moderator" else "User" end as "User's Role", case SignedIn when 0 then "Logged in" else "Logged out" end as "User signed in?", Convert(varchar(100), LastSignOn, 101) as "Last Sign On", DateDiff('d', LastSignOn, getDate()) as "Days since last sign on", AddrLine1 + ' ' + AddrLine2 + ' ' + AddrLine3 + ' ' + City + ', ' + State + ' ' + Zip as "Address", 'XXX-XX-' + Substring(Convert(varchar(9), SSN), 6, 4) as "Social Security #" FROM Users
或者,把所有内容都塞进一行。
使用SQL作为美化的ISAM(索引顺序访问方法)包。特别是嵌套游标,而不是将SQL语句组合成一个更大的语句。这也算“滥用优化器”,因为实际上优化器能做的不多。这可以与非准备语句结合使用,以获得最大的效率:
DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3 FROM Table1
FOREACH c1 INTO a.col1, a.col2, a.col3
DECLARE c2 CURSOR FOR
SELECT Item1, Item2, Item3
FROM Table2
WHERE Table2.Item1 = a.col2
FOREACH c2 INTO b.item1, b.item2, b.item3
...process data from records a and b...
END FOREACH
END FOREACH
正确的解决方案(几乎总是)是将两个SELECT语句合并为一个:
DECLARE c1 CURSOR FOR
SELECT Col1, Col2, Col3, Item1, Item2, Item3
FROM Table1, Table2
WHERE Table2.Item1 = Table1.Col2
-- ORDER BY Table1.Col1, Table2.Item1
FOREACH c1 INTO a.col1, a.col2, a.col3, b.item1, b.item2, b.item3
...process data from records a and b...
END FOREACH
双循环版本的唯一优点是,您可以很容易地发现表1中值之间的中断,因为内部循环结束了。这可能是控制中断报告中的一个因素。
此外,应用程序中的排序通常是不允许的。
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