在我的Objective-C项目中,我经常使用一个全局常量文件来存储像通知名称和NSUserDefaults键这样的东西。它看起来是这样的:
@interface GlobalConstants : NSObject
extern NSString *someNotification;
@end
@implementation GlobalConstants
NSString *someNotification = @"aaaaNotification";
@end
我如何在Swift中做完全相同的事情?
结构作为命名空间
在我看来,处理这类常量的最好方法是创建一个Struct。
struct Constants {
static let someNotification = "TEST"
}
然后,例如,在你的代码中这样调用它:
print(Constants.someNotification)
嵌套
如果你想要一个更好的组织,我建议你使用分段子结构
struct K {
struct NotificationKey {
static let Welcome = "kWelcomeNotif"
}
struct Path {
static let Documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0] as String
static let Tmp = NSTemporaryDirectory()
}
}
然后您可以使用实例K.Path.Tmp
现实世界的例子
这只是一个技术解决方案,在我的代码中的实际实现看起来更像:
struct GraphicColors {
static let grayDark = UIColor(0.2)
static let grayUltraDark = UIColor(0.1)
static let brown = UIColor(rgb: 126, 99, 89)
// etc.
}
and
enum Env: String {
case debug
case testFlight
case appStore
}
struct App {
struct Folders {
static let documents: NSString = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.documentDirectory, .userDomainMask, true)[0] as NSString
static let temporary: NSString = NSTemporaryDirectory() as NSString
}
static let version: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleShortVersionString") as! String
static let build: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleVersion") as! String
// This is private because the use of 'appConfiguration' is preferred.
private static let isTestFlight = Bundle.main.appStoreReceiptURL?.lastPathComponent == "sandboxReceipt"
// This can be used to add debug statements.
static var isDebug: Bool {
#if DEBUG
return true
#else
return false
#endif
}
static var env: Env {
if isDebug {
return .debug
} else if isTestFlight {
return .testFlight
} else {
return .appStore
}
}
}
正如其他人所提到的,在类之外声明的任何东西都是全局的。
你也可以创建单例对象:
class TestClass {
static let sharedInstance = TestClass()
// Anything else goes here
var number = 0
}
当你想要使用这个类中的一些东西时,你可以这样写:
TestClass.sharedInstance.number = 1
如果您现在从项目的任何地方写入println(TestClass.sharedInstance.number),您将向日志中输出1。这适用于所有类型的对象。
tl;dr:任何时候你想让一个类中的所有东西都是全局的,在类中添加静态let sharedInstance = YourClassName(),并用前缀YourClassName.sharedInstance来处理类的所有值
考虑枚举。这些可以在逻辑上分解为单独的用例。
enum UserDefaultsKeys: String {
case SomeNotification = "aaaaNotification"
case DeviceToken = "deviceToken"
}
enum PhotoMetaKeys: String {
case Orientation = "orientation_hv"
case Size = "size"
case DateTaken = "date_taken"
}
一个独特的好处发生在你有一个互斥选项的情况下,比如:
for (key, value) in photoConfigurationFile {
guard let key = PhotoMetaKeys(rawvalue: key) else {
continue // invalid key, ignore it
}
switch (key) {
case.Orientation: {
photo.orientation = value
}
case.Size: {
photo.size = value
}
}
}
在本例中,您将收到一个编译错误,因为您没有处理PhotoMetaKeys.DateTaken的情况。
我来晚会晚了一点。
不管这里是我如何管理常量文件,以便它对开发人员更有意义,而写代码在swift。
网址:
//URLConstants.swift
struct APPURL {
private struct Domains {
static let Dev = "http://test-dev.cloudapp.net"
static let UAT = "http://test-UAT.com"
static let Local = "192.145.1.1"
static let QA = "testAddress.qa.com"
}
private struct Routes {
static let Api = "/api/mobile"
}
private static let Domain = Domains.Dev
private static let Route = Routes.Api
private static let BaseURL = Domain + Route
static var FacebookLogin: String {
return BaseURL + "/auth/facebook"
}
}
CUSTOMFONTS:
//FontsConstants.swift
struct FontNames {
static let LatoName = "Lato"
struct Lato {
static let LatoBold = "Lato-Bold"
static let LatoMedium = "Lato-Medium"
static let LatoRegular = "Lato-Regular"
static let LatoExtraBold = "Lato-ExtraBold"
}
}
应用程序中使用的所有键
//KeyConstants.swift
struct Key {
static let DeviceType = "iOS"
struct Beacon{
static let ONEXUUID = "xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx"
}
struct UserDefaults {
static let k_App_Running_FirstTime = "userRunningAppFirstTime"
}
struct Headers {
static let Authorization = "Authorization"
static let ContentType = "Content-Type"
}
struct Google{
static let placesKey = "some key here"//for photos
static let serverKey = "some key here"
}
struct ErrorMessage{
static let listNotFound = "ERROR_LIST_NOT_FOUND"
static let validationError = "ERROR_VALIDATION"
}
}
颜色常数:
//ColorConstants.swift
struct AppColor {
private struct Alphas {
static let Opaque = CGFloat(1)
static let SemiOpaque = CGFloat(0.8)
static let SemiTransparent = CGFloat(0.5)
static let Transparent = CGFloat(0.3)
}
static let appPrimaryColor = UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
static let appSecondaryColor = UIColor.blue.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Opaque)
struct TextColors {
static let Error = AppColor.appSecondaryColor
static let Success = UIColor(red: 0.1303, green: 0.9915, blue: 0.0233, alpha: Alphas.Opaque)
}
struct TabBarColors{
static let Selected = UIColor.white
static let NotSelected = UIColor.black
}
struct OverlayColor {
static let SemiTransparentBlack = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Transparent)
static let SemiOpaque = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
static let demoOverlay = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.6)
}
}
在Xcode项目中,你可以将这些文件打包到一个名为Constants的公共组中。
更多信息请观看这个视频
颜色
extension UIColor {
static var greenLaPalma: UIColor {
return UIColor(red:0.28, green:0.56, blue:0.22, alpha:1.00)
}
}
字体
enum CustomFontType: String {
case avenirNextRegular = "AvenirNext-Regular",
avenirDemiBold = "AvenirNext-DemiBold"
}
extension UIFont {
static func getFont(with type: CustomFontType, size: CGFloat) -> UIFont {
let font = UIFont(name: type.rawValue, size: size)!
return font
}
}
对于其他-一切都与接受的答案相同。
根据swift docs,全局变量是在文件作用域中声明的。
全局变量是定义在任何函数、方法、闭包或类型上下文之外的变量
只需创建一个swift文件(例如:constats .swift)并在那里声明你的常量:
// Constants.swift
let SOME_NOTIF = "aaaaNotification"
从项目中的任何地方调用它,而不需要提及struct,enum或类名。
// MyViewController.swift
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: SOME_NOTIF, object: nil)
我认为这对于代码可读性来说更好。
Swift 4版本
如果您想为NotificationCenter创建一个名称:
extension Notification.Name {
static let updateDataList1 = Notification.Name("updateDataList1")
}
订阅通知:
NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(youFunction), name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)
发送通知:
NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)
如果你只是想要一个有变量的类:
class Keys {
static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}
Or:
struct Keys {
static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}