Priority Queue has some priority assigned to each element, The element with Highest priority appears at the Top Of Queue. Now, It depends on you how you want priority assigned to each of the elements. If you don't, the Java will do it the default way. The element with the least value is assigned the highest priority and thus is removed from the queue first. If there are several elements with the same highest priority, the tie is broken arbitrarily. You can also specify an ordering using Comparator in the constructor PriorityQueue(initialCapacity, comparator)

示例代码:

PriorityQueue<String> queue1 = new PriorityQueue<>();
queue1.offer("Oklahoma");
queue1.offer("Indiana");
queue1.offer("Georgia");
queue1.offer("Texas");
System.out.println("Priority queue using Comparable:");
while (queue1.size() > 0) {
    System.out.print(queue1.remove() + " ");
}
PriorityQueue<String> queue2 = new PriorityQueue(4, Collections.reverseOrder());
queue2.offer("Oklahoma");
queue2.offer("Indiana");
queue2.offer("Georgia");
queue2.offer("Texas");
System.out.println("\nPriority queue using Comparator:");
while (queue2.size() > 0) {
    System.out.print(queue2.remove() + " ");
}

输出:

Priority queue using Comparable:
Georgia Indiana Oklahoma Texas 
Priority queue using Comparator:
Texas Oklahoma Indiana Georgia 

除此之外，你还可以定义Custom Comparator:

import java.util.Comparator;

public class StringLengthComparator implements Comparator<String>
{
    @Override
    public int compare(String x, String y)
    {
        //Your Own Logic
    }
}

Java 8解决方案

我们可以使用Java 8中引入的lambda表达式或方法引用。如果我们有一些String值存储在优先队列中(容量为5)，我们可以提供内联比较器(基于String的长度):

使用lambda表达式

PriorityQueue<String> pq=
                    new PriorityQueue<String>(5,(a,b) -> a.length() - b.length());

使用方法参考

PriorityQueue<String> pq=
                new PriorityQueue<String>(5, Comparator.comparing(String::length));

然后我们可以使用它们中的任何一个:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        PriorityQueue<String> pq=
                new PriorityQueue<String>(5, (a,b) -> a.length() - b.length());
       // or pq = new PriorityQueue<String>(5, Comparator.comparing(String::length));
        pq.add("Apple");
        pq.add("PineApple");
        pq.add("Custard Apple");
        while (pq.size() != 0)
        {
            System.out.println(pq.remove());
        }
    }

这将打印:

Apple
PineApple
Custard Apple

要反转顺序(将其更改为max-priority queue)，只需在inline comparator中更改顺序或使用reversed as:

PriorityQueue<String> pq = new PriorityQueue<String>(5, 
                             Comparator.comparing(String::length).reversed());

我们也可以使用Collections.reverseOrder:

PriorityQueue<Integer> pqInt = new PriorityQueue<>(10, Collections.reverseOrder());
PriorityQueue<String> pq = new PriorityQueue<String>(5, 
                Collections.reverseOrder(Comparator.comparing(String::length))

我们可以看到集合。reverseOrder重载以获取比较器，这对自定义对象很有用。反转函数实际上使用Collections.reverseOrder:

default Comparator<T> reversed() {
    return Collections.reverseOrder(this);
}

Offer () vs add()

根据文件

offer方法尽可能插入一个元素，否则返回 假的。这与合集不同。方法，该方法可能失败 仅通过抛出未经检查的异常来添加元素。报价 方法是为失败是正常使用而设计的，而不是 异常发生，例如在固定容量(或“有界”)中 队列。

在使用有容量限制的队列时，offer()通常比add()更可取，后者只能通过抛出异常而无法插入元素。PriorityQueue是一个基于优先级堆的无界优先级队列。

我还想知道打印订单的问题。举个例子:

对于优先级队列:

PriorityQueue<String> pq3 = new PriorityQueue<String>();

这段代码:

pq3.offer("a");
pq3.offer("A");

可能打印不同于:

String[] sa = {"a", "A"}; 
for(String s : sa)   
   pq3.offer(s);

我从另一个论坛的讨论中找到了答案，其中一个用户说，“offer()/add()方法只将元素插入队列。如果你想要一个可预测的顺序，你应该使用peek/poll来返回队列的头。”

Priority Queue has some priority assigned to each element, The element with Highest priority appears at the Top Of Queue. Now, It depends on you how you want priority assigned to each of the elements. If you don't, the Java will do it the default way. The element with the least value is assigned the highest priority and thus is removed from the queue first. If there are several elements with the same highest priority, the tie is broken arbitrarily. You can also specify an ordering using Comparator in the constructor PriorityQueue(initialCapacity, comparator)

示例代码:

PriorityQueue<String> queue1 = new PriorityQueue<>();
queue1.offer("Oklahoma");
queue1.offer("Indiana");
queue1.offer("Georgia");
queue1.offer("Texas");
System.out.println("Priority queue using Comparable:");
while (queue1.size() > 0) {
    System.out.print(queue1.remove() + " ");
}
PriorityQueue<String> queue2 = new PriorityQueue(4, Collections.reverseOrder());
queue2.offer("Oklahoma");
queue2.offer("Indiana");
queue2.offer("Georgia");
queue2.offer("Texas");
System.out.println("\nPriority queue using Comparator:");
while (queue2.size() > 0) {
    System.out.print(queue2.remove() + " ");
}

输出:

Priority queue using Comparable:
Georgia Indiana Oklahoma Texas 
Priority queue using Comparator:
Texas Oklahoma Indiana Georgia 

除此之外，你还可以定义Custom Comparator:

import java.util.Comparator;

public class StringLengthComparator implements Comparator<String>
{
    @Override
    public int compare(String x, String y)
    {
        //Your Own Logic
    }
}

给它一个比较器。在T的位置填入你想要的类型

Java 8+:

int initialCapacity = 10;
PriorityQueue<T> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(initialCapacity, (e1, e2) -> { return e1.compareTo(e2); });

经典的方法，使用匿名类:

int initialCapacity = 10;
PriorityQueue<T> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(initialCapacity, new Comparator<T> () {

    @Override
    public int compare(T e1, T e2) {
        return e1.compareTo(e2);
    }

});

要按相反的顺序排序，只需交换e1和e2。

下面是一个简单的例子，你可以用它来进行初步学习:

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Random;

public class PQExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //PriorityQueue with Comparator
        Queue<Customer> cpq = new PriorityQueue<>(7, idComp);
        addToQueue(cpq);
        pollFromQueue(cpq);
    }

    public static Comparator<Customer> idComp = new Comparator<Customer>(){

        @Override
        public int compare(Customer o1, Customer o2) {
            return (int) (o1.getId() - o2.getId());
        }

    };

    //utility method to add random data to Queue
    private static void addToQueue(Queue<Customer> cq){
        Random rand = new Random();
        for(int i=0;i<7;i++){
            int id = rand.nextInt(100);
            cq.add(new Customer(id, "KV"+id));
        }
    }


    private static void pollFromQueue(Queue<Customer> cq){
        while(true){
            Customer c = cq.poll();
            if(c == null) break;
            System.out.println("Customer Polled : "+c.getId() + " "+ c.getName());
        }
    }

}