在c#中,多维数组double[,]和数组的数组double[][]有什么区别?

如果有区别,每一种的最佳用途是什么?


当前回答

交错数组是数组的数组,或者每一行包含一个自己的数组的数组。

这些数组的长度可以不同于其他行的长度。

声明和分配数组的数组

与常规多维数组相比,锯齿数组声明的唯一不同之处在于,我们不只有一对括号。对于锯齿状数组,每个维度都有一对括号。我们这样分配它们:

int [] [] exampleJaggedArray; jaggedArray = new int[2][]; jaggedArray[0] = new int[5]; jaggedArray[1] = new int[3];

初始化数组的数组

int[][] exampleJaggedArray = { New int[] {5,7,2}, New int[] {10,20,40}, 新的int[] {3,25} };

内存分配

锯齿数组是引用的聚合。锯齿状数组不直接包含任何数组,而是有指向它们的元素。大小是未知的,这就是为什么CLR只保留对内部数组的引用。在我们为锯齿状数组的一个数组元素分配内存之后,引用开始指向动态内存中新创建的块。

变量exampleJaggedArray存储在程序的执行堆栈中,并指向动态内存中的一个块,该块包含对内存中其他三个块的三个引用序列;它们每个都包含一个整数数组——锯齿数组的元素:

其他回答

这可能在上面的回答中提到过,但没有明确地提到:对于锯齿数组,您可以使用array[row]引用整行数据,但这对于多维数组是不允许的。

除了其他答案之外,请注意,多维数组被分配为堆上的一个大块对象。这有一些含义:

Some multidimensional arrays will get allocated on the Large Object Heap (LOH) where their equivalent jagged array counterparts would otherwise not have. The GC will need to find a single contiguous free block of memory to allocate a multidimensional array, whereas a jagged array might be able to fill in gaps caused by heap fragmentation... this isn't usually an issue in .NET because of compaction, but the LOH doesn't get compacted by default (you have to ask for it, and you have to ask every time you want it). You'll want to look into <gcAllowVeryLargeObjects> for multidimensional arrays way before the issue will ever come up if you only ever use jagged arrays.

前言:本评论旨在解决okutane提供的关于锯齿数组和多维数组之间性能差异的答案。

一种类型因为方法调用而比另一种类型慢的断言是不正确的。其中一种比另一种慢,因为它的边界检查算法更复杂。您可以通过查看编译后的程序集而不是IL轻松验证这一点。例如,在我的4.5安装中,访问存储在ecx指向的二维数组中的元素(通过edx中的指针),索引存储在eax和edx中,如下所示:

sub eax,[ecx+10]
cmp eax,[ecx+08]
jae oops //jump to throw out of bounds exception
sub edx,[ecx+14]
cmp edx,[ecx+0C]
jae oops //jump to throw out of bounds exception
imul eax,[ecx+0C]
add eax,edx
lea edx,[ecx+eax*4+18]

Here, you can see that there's no overhead from method calls. The bounds checking is just very convoluted thanks to the possibility of non-zero indexes, which is a functionality not on offer with jagged arrays. If we remove the sub, cmp, and jmps for the non-zero cases, the code pretty much resolves to (x*y_max+y)*sizeof(ptr)+sizeof(array_header). This calculation is about as fast (one multiply could be replaced by a shift, since that's the whole reason we choose bytes to be sized as powers of two bits) as anything else for random access to an element.

Another complication is that there are plenty of cases where a modern compiler will optimize away the nested bounds-checking for element access while iterating over a single-dimension array. The result is code that basically just advances an index pointer over the contiguous memory of the array. Naive iteration over multi-dimensional arrays generally involves an extra layer of nested logic, so a compiler is less likely to optimize the operation. So, even though the bounds-checking overhead of accessing a single element amortizes out to constant runtime with respect to array dimensions and sizes, a simple test-case to measure the difference may take many times longer to execute.

多维数组是(n-1)维矩阵。

所以int[,] square = new int[2,2]是一个方阵2x2, int[,] cube = new int[3,3,3]是一个立方-方阵3x3。比例不是必需的。

交错数组只是数组的数组——每个单元格包含一个数组的数组。

所以MDA是成比例的,JD可能不是!每个单元格可以包含任意长度的数组!

我正在解析ildasm生成的.il文件,以构建用于进行转换的程序集、类、方法和存储过程的数据库。我遇到了下面的问题,打断了我的解析。

.method private hidebysig instance uint32[0...,0...] 
        GenerateWorkingKey(uint8[] key,
                           bool forEncryption) cil managed

Serge Lidin于2006年出版的《Expert . net 2.0 IL汇编器》一书,第8章,原始类型和签名,149-150页解释了这一点。

<type>[]被称为<type>的Vector,

<type>[<bounds> [<bounds>**]]被称为<type>的数组

**表示可重复,[]表示可选。

示例:Let <type> = int32。

1) int32[……]是一个具有未定义的下界和大小的二维数组

2) int32[2…5]是一个下界为2,大小为4的一维数组。

3) int32[0, 0…]是一个下界为0且大小未定义的二维数组。

Tom