Breaking out of a for-loop is a little strange to me, since the semantics of a for-loop typically indicate that it will execute a specified number of times. However, it's not bad in all cases; if you're searching for something in a collection and want to break after you find it, it's useful. Breaking out of nested loops, however, isn't possible in C++; it is in other languages through the use of a labeled break. You can use a label and a goto, but that might give you heartburn at night..? Seems like the best option though.

一个使用goto和标签跳出嵌套循环的代码示例:

for (;;)
  for (;;)
    goto theEnd;
theEnd:

c++不支持命名循环，就像Java和其他语言一样。您可以使用goto，或创建您使用的标志值。在每个循环结束时检查标志值。如果它被设置为true，那么您可以跳出该迭代。

你可以使用“goto”来留下嵌套循环 下面是我的原始代码，包括“goto”

int main()
{
    string str;
    while (cin >> str)
    {
        if (str == "0")
            break;
        int sum = 0;
        for (auto ch : str)
        {
            if (ch <= 'z' && ch >= 'a')
                sum += (ch - 'a' + 1);
            else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
                sum += (ch - 'A' + 1);
            else
            {
                cout << "Fail" << endl;
                goto fail;
            }
        }

        cout << sum << endl;
        fail:
    }
    return 0;
}

然而，我可以通过添加函数“计算”来避免“goto”

void calculate(const string &str)
{
    int sum = 0;
    for (auto ch : str)
    {
        if (ch <= 'z' && ch >= 'a')
            sum += (ch - 'a' + 1);
        else if (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z')
            sum += (ch - 'A' + 1);
        else
        {
            cout << "Fail" << endl;
            return;
        }
    }

    cout << sum << endl;
}

int main()
{
    string str;
    while (cin >> str)
    {
        if (str == "0")
            break;
        calculate(str);
    }
    return 0;
}

我认为goto在这种情况下是有效的:

要模拟中断/继续，你需要:

打破

for ( ;  ;  ) {
    for ( ;  ;  ) {
        /*Code here*/
        if (condition) {
            goto theEnd;
        }
    }
}
theEnd:

继续

for ( ;  ; ) {
    for ( ;  ;  ) {
        /*Code here*/
        if (condition) {
            i++;
            goto multiCont;
        }
    }
    multiCont:
}

其他语言如PHP接受break参数(即break 2;)来指定你想要跳出的嵌套循环级别的数量，但c++不接受。你必须使用一个在循环之前设置为false的布尔值，如果你想中断，在循环中设置为true，在嵌套循环之后加上一个条件中断，检查布尔值是否设置为true，如果是则中断。