考虑一个包含名称的数据库表,其中有三行:

Peter
Paul
Mary

有没有一种简单的方法可以把它变成彼得、保罗、玛丽的一串?


当前回答

使用此项:

ISNULL(SUBSTRING(REPLACE((select ',' FName as 'data()' from NameList for xml path('')), ' ,',', '), 2, 300), '') 'MyList'

其中“300”可以是任何宽度,考虑到您认为将显示的最大项目数。

其他回答

使用递归查询,您可以执行以下操作:

-- Create example table
CREATE TABLE tmptable (NAME VARCHAR(30)) ;

-- Insert example data
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('PETER');
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('PAUL');
INSERT INTO tmptable VALUES('MARY');

-- Recurse query
with tblwithrank as (
select * , row_number() over(order by name) rang , count(*) over() NbRow
from tmptable
),
tmpRecursive as (
select *, cast(name as varchar(2000)) as AllName from tblwithrank  where rang=1
union all
select f0.*,  cast(f0.name + ',' + f1.AllName as varchar(2000)) as AllName 
from tblwithrank f0 inner join tmpRecursive f1 on f0.rang=f1.rang +1 
)
select AllName from tmpRecursive
where rang=NbRow

首先,您应该声明一个表变量并用表数据填充它,然后,使用WHILE循环,逐个选择行并将其值添加到nvarchar(max)变量中。

    Go
    declare @temp table(
        title nvarchar(50)
    )
    insert into @temp(title)
    select p.Title from dbo.person p
    --
    declare @mainString nvarchar(max)
    set @mainString = '';
    --
    while ((select count(*) from @temp) != 0)
    begin
        declare @itemTitle nvarchar(50)
        set @itemTitle = (select top(1) t.Title from @temp t)
    
        if @mainString = ''
        begin
            set @mainString = @itemTitle
        end
        else
        begin
            set @mainString = concat(@mainString,',',@itemTitle)
        end
    
        delete top(1) from @temp
    
    end
    print @mainString

此方法仅适用于Teradata Aster数据库,因为它使用NPATH函数。

再次,我们有桌上学生

SubjectID       StudentName
----------      -------------
1               Mary
1               John
1               Sam
2               Alaina
2               Edward

然后使用NPATH,只需一次SELECT:

SELECT * FROM npath(
  ON Students
  PARTITION BY SubjectID
  ORDER BY StudentName
  MODE(nonoverlapping)
  PATTERN('A*')
  SYMBOLS(
    'true' as A
  )
  RESULT(
    FIRST(SubjectID of A) as SubjectID,
    ACCUMULATE(StudentName of A) as StudentName
  )
);

结果:

SubjectID       StudentName
----------      -------------
1               [John, Mary, Sam]
2               [Alaina, Edward]

此答案需要服务器上的某些权限才能工作。

装配是一个很好的选择。有很多网站解释如何创建它。我认为解释得很好的就是这个。

如果您愿意,我已经创建了程序集,可以在这里下载DLL文件。

下载后,需要在SQL Server中运行以下脚本:

EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1
RECONFIGURE;
EXEC sp_configure 'clr strict security', 1;
RECONFIGURE;

CREATE Assembly concat_assembly
   AUTHORIZATION dbo
   FROM '<PATH TO Concat.dll IN SERVER>'
   WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO

CREATE AGGREGATE dbo.concat (

    @Value NVARCHAR(MAX)
  , @Delimiter NVARCHAR(4000)

) RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
EXTERNAL Name concat_assembly.[Concat.Concat];
GO

sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;
RECONFIGURE

请注意,服务器可以访问程序集的路径。由于您已成功完成所有步骤,因此可以使用以下功能:

SELECT dbo.Concat(field1, ',')
FROM Table1

自SQL Server 2017以来,可以使用STRING_AGG函数。

以下是实现这一目标的完整解决方案:

-- Table Creation
CREATE TABLE Tbl
( CustomerCode    VARCHAR(50)
, CustomerName    VARCHAR(50)
, Type VARCHAR(50)
,Items    VARCHAR(50)
)

insert into Tbl
SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','BREAKFAST','Milk'
union SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','BREAKFAST','Bread'
union SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','BREAKFAST','Egg'
union SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','LUNCH','Rice'
union SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','LUNCH','Fish Curry'
union SELECT 'C0001','Thomas','LUNCH','Lessy'
union SELECT 'C0002','JOSEPH','BREAKFAST','Bread'
union SELECT 'C0002','JOSEPH','BREAKFAST','Jam'
union SELECT 'C0002','JOSEPH','BREAKFAST','Tea'
union SELECT 'C0002','JOSEPH','Supper','Tea'
union SELECT 'C0002','JOSEPH','Brunch','Roti'

-- function creation
GO
CREATE  FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_GetItemsByType]
(   
    @CustomerCode VARCHAR(50)
    ,@Type VARCHAR(50)
)
RETURNS @ItemType TABLE  ( Items VARCHAR(5000) )
AS
BEGIN

        INSERT INTO @ItemType(Items)
    SELECT  STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + [Items]
         FROM Tbl 
         WHERE CustomerCode = @CustomerCode
            AND Type=@Type
            FOR XML PATH(''))
        ,1,1,'') as  Items



    RETURN 
END

GO

-- fianl Query
DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT distinct ',' + QUOTENAME(Type) 
                    from Tbl
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = 'SELECT CustomerCode,CustomerName,' + @cols + '
             from 
             (
                select  
                    distinct CustomerCode
                    ,CustomerName
                    ,Type
                    ,F.Items
                    FROM Tbl T
                    CROSS APPLY [fn_GetItemsByType] (T.CustomerCode,T.Type) F
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(Items)
                for Type in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute(@query)